Say lung cancer et nadidiagnos panamegley na nanduruman eksamin tan proseso, a nayarin laktipen na satan so:
1. Medikal ya awaran tan pisikal ya eksaminasyon: Tepetan na doktor no anto iray sintomas mo, no nansigarilyo ka la, tan no wala lay pamilyan walay lung cancer.
Manpa-eksamin met ira pian naamtaan da no wala ray sintomas na sakit.
2. Imaging tests: Saray chest X-ray tan computed tomography (CT) scan so kaslakan ya uusaren pian nanengneng so detalye na bala tan saray walad kaliberliber.
Makatulong irayan eksamin pian naamtaan iray abnormalidad, a singa saray tumor odino nodule, a pakapatnagan na kanser ed bala.
3. Sputum cytology: Say sakey a sample na sputum (suma ya inukok manlapud bala) so usisaen diad mikroskopyo pian anapen iray selula na kanser.
4. Biopsy: Say sakey a sample na tissue na bala et alaen tan usisaen panamegley na mikroskopyo pian naamtaan no wala iray selula na kanser.
Nagawa iya panamegley na bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, odino surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: Sakey a melag, maliwawa a tubo a walaan na kamera so ipaloob ed eleng odino sangi tan paleksab ed eleng pian nausisa iray daladalan na dagem tan bala.
Sayan proseso et nayarin usaren met pian mankolektay tissue sample parad biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): Say pinitpit a dagum so ipaloob ed lung nodule odino mass pian alaen so sakey a sample na selula parad eksamin.
7. Thoracentesis: Say likido so ekalen manlapud baetan na balabaleg tan baetan na pagew panamegley na dagum, insan usisaen no wala iray selula na kanser.
8. Panangusisa ed dala: Anggaman agnibaga na saray blood test a walay kanser ed bala, makatulong iratan pian naamtaan so kipapasen na laman na pasyente tan naamtaan iray antokaman ya abnormalidad a pakapatnagan na kanser.
9. Bone scan, MRI, PET scan, tan arum niran eksamin: Sarayan eksamin so nayarin usaren pian naamtaan no kasin kinmayat so kanser ed arum a parte na laman.
No naamtaan lan walay lung cancer, nayarin wala ni ray gawaen dan test pian naamtaan no anton stage la so cancer, kanian makatulong itan ed pandesisyon no antoy gawaen.
Nayarin kaibad saratan so CT scan na utek, bone scan, odino positron emission tomography (PET).
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Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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