Kanser di kolon ta keda diagnostiká dor di un kombinashon di tèst i prosedura, ku por inkluí:
1. Eksamen físiko: Un dòkter ta hasi un eksamen físiko pa wak si tin kualke anomalia òf señal di malesa.
2. Análisis di sanger: Análisis di sanger por yuda determiná si tin kualke anomalia den sanger ku por indiká kanser.
3. Tèst di stoma: Un tèst di stoma por detektá presensia di sanger den e stoma, ku por ta un señal di kanser di kolon.
4. Colonoscopy: Esaki ta un prosedura den kua ta hinka un tubo fini i fleksibel ku un lus i kámara na su punta den e retina pa eksaminá e kolon.
Durante un kolonoskopia, e dòkter por saka muestra di tehido (biopsia) pa wak si tin sèlnan di kanser.
5. Sigmoidoscopie: Meskos ku un kolonoskopia, un sigmoidoskopia ta eksaminá e parti abou di e kolon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: Esaki ta un CT scan di e colon cu ta crea un imagen 3D di e colon y e recto.
7. Un tèst di sanger okulto den feces: E tèst aki ta wak si tin sanger den e stoma, loke por indiká kanser.
8. Barium enema ku kontraste: Esaki ta un eksamen ku rayonan X di e kolon i rekto, kaminda ta usa un material di kontraste pa mustra kualke anomalia.
9. Biopsia: Un biopsia ta e sakamentu di un tiki di un parti di kurpa for di e kolon pa analisá bou di un mikroskopo pa determiná si tin sèlnan di kanser.
10. Tèstnan di imágen: CT scan, MRI scan i chest x-ray por ser usá pa determiná si kanser a plama na otro parti di kurpa.
Ora un persona haña kanser di kolon, e dòkter ta determiná e fase di e kanser, loke ta yuda determiná e mihó tratamentu.
E estadio ta basá riba e tamaño i lugá di e tumor, i tambe si e a plama na otro parti di kurpa.
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Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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