Srčni napad se diagnosticira s kombinacijo bolnikove anamneze, fizičnega pregleda in diagnostičnih testov.
Najpogostejši diagnostični testi, ki se uporabljajo za diagnozo srčnega infarkta, vključujejo:
1. Elektrokardiogram (EKG): Ta test meri električno aktivnost srca in lahko odkrije nepravilnosti, ki lahko kažejo na srčni napad.
2. Krvni testi: Krvni testi lahko merijo raven določenih encimov in beljakovin, ki se sproščajo v krvni obtok, ko je poškodovana srčna mišica.
Najpogostejši krvni testi, ki se uporabljajo za diagnozo srčnega napada, so testi troponina in kreatin kinaze (CK-MB).
3. Ekokardiogram: Ta test uporablja zvočne valove za ustvarjanje premikajoče se slike srca, ki lahko zdravnikom pomaga oceniti delovanje srca in ugotoviti morebitne poškodbe.
4. Koronarna angiografija: Ta test vključuje injiciranje barvila v koronarne arterije in slikanje z rentgenskim žarkom, da bi ugotovili morebitne blokade ali zožanje arterij.
5. Srčni CT ali MRI: Ti slikovni testi lahko zagotovijo podrobne slike srca in njegovih krvnih žil, ki lahko zdravnikom pomagajo prepoznati kakršne koli poškodbe ali blokade.
6. Stresni test: Ta test vključuje vadbo na tekalni stezi ali kolesu, medtem ko spremljajo srce, da bi videli, kako se odziva na stres.
Pomaga ugotoviti morebitne nepravilnosti v delovanju srca.
7. Srčni kateter: Ta invazivni test vključuje vstavitev katetra v krvno žilo v roki ali nogi in njegovo usmerjanje v srce.
Barva se nato vbrizga v koronarne arterije, da se odkrijejo morebitne blokade ali zoževanje.
Kombinacija teh testov, skupaj s bolnikovimi simptomi in anamnezo, lahko zdravnikom pomaga diagnosticirati srčni napad in določiti najboljši potek zdravljenja.
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Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.
New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.
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Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.
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How is heart attack diagnosed?
A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.
The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.
3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.
4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.
5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.
6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.
It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.
7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.
Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.
A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.
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