Obstaja več dejavnikov tveganja za srčni napad, vključno z:
1. Starost: Tveganje za srčni napad se poveča s starostjo, še posebej po 45. letu za moške in 55. letu za ženske.
2. Visoka raven holesterola: Visoka raven LDL (slab) holesterola in nizka raven HDL (dober) holesterola lahko povečajo tveganje za srčni napad.
3. Visok krvni tlak: Nekontroliran visok krvni tlak lahko poškoduje arterije in poveča tveganje za srčni napad.
4. sladkorna bolezen: Ljudje s sladkorno boleznijo imajo večje tveganje za srčni napad zaradi poškodbe krvnih žil, ki jo lahko povzroči visok krvni sladkor.
5. Prekomerna telesna teža ali debelost: Prekomerna teža lahko poveča tveganje za srčni napad, saj prispeva k drugim dejavnikom tveganja, kot so visok krvni tlak in sladkorna bolezen.
6. Ne vadba: Pomanjkanje telesne aktivnosti lahko prispeva k razvoju srčnih bolezni in poveča tveganje za srčni napad.
7. Kajenje: Kajenje je glavni dejavnik tveganja za srčni napad, saj poškoduje krvne žile in poveča tveganje za nastanek krvnih strdkov.
8. Družinska zgodovina: Družinska zgodovina srčnih bolezni lahko poveča tveganje za srčni napad.
9. Atrijska fibrilacija: To je nepravilen srčni ritem, ki lahko poveča tveganje za srčni napad in možgansko kap.
10. Prejšnji srčni napad ali možganska kap: Ljudje, ki so že imeli srčni napad ali možgansko kap, so bolj izpostavljeni tveganju, da bodo imeli še en srčni napad ali možgansko kap.
11. Stres: Kronični stres lahko prispeva k razvoju srčnih bolezni in poveča tveganje za srčni napad.
12. Autoimunske bolezni: Bolezni, kot sta lupus in revmatoidni artritis, lahko povečajo tveganje za srčne bolezni pri ženskah.
13. Zdravstvene težave, povezane z nosečnostjo: Ženske, ki med nosečnostjo razvijejo gestacijski sladkorno bolezen ali hipertenzijo, imajo povečano tveganje za razvoj srčnih bolezni pozneje v življenju.
14. Nizka raven estrogena: Ženske, ki so bile v menopavzi ali so imele histerektomijo, imajo nižjo raven estrogena, kar lahko poveča tveganje za srčne bolezni v primerjavi z ženskami, ki niso.
Pomembno je omeniti, da se nekateri dejavniki tveganja, kot so starost in družinska zgodovina, ne morejo spremeniti, mnoge druge pa je mogoče obvladati s spremembami življenjskega sloga in medicinskimi posegi.
Redni pregledi, ohranjanje zdrave prehrane, redna vadba, opustitev kajenja in obvladovanje kroničnih stanj, kot so visok krvni tlak in sladkorna bolezen, lahko pomagajo zmanjšati tveganje za srčni napad.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
Disclaimer: medical
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