Rak prostate se diagnosticira s kombinacijo testov in postopkov, ki lahko vključujejo:
1. Digitalni rektalni pregled (DRE): Zdravnik vstavi rokavico z mazivom v rektum, da bi se dotaknil prostate in odkril morebitne nepravilnosti.
2. Test specifičnega antigena prostate (PSA): To je krvni test, ki meri raven PSA, beljakovine, ki jo proizvaja prostata.
Povečane ravni PSA lahko kažejo na prisotnost raka prostate.
3. Transrektalni ultrazvok (TRUS): V rektum se vstavi majhna sonda, da se z zvočnimi valovi ustvari slika prostate.
To lahko pomaga ugotoviti morebitne nepravilnosti v prostati.
4. Biopsija: Odstranijo majhen vzorec tkiva prostate in ga pregledajo pod mikroskopom za prisotnost rakavih celic.
To je edini zanesljiv način za diagnozo raka prostate.
5. Magnetno resonančno slikanje (MRI): MRI skeniranje prostate lahko pomaga ugotoviti morebitne nepravilnosti in usmeriti postopek biopsije.
6. Genomsko testiranje: Nekateri zdravniki lahko uporabljajo genomske teste, da pomagajo določiti agresivnost raka in voditi odločitve o zdravljenju.
7. Skeniranje kosti: Skeniranje kosti se lahko izvede, da se preveri, ali se je rak razširil na kosti.
8. Računalniška tomografija (CT): CT skeniranje se lahko uporabi za preverjanje, ali se je rak razširil na druge organe ali tkiva.
Pomembno je omeniti, da ne bodo vsi moški z zvišanimi vrednostmi PSA ali nenormalnimi rezultati DRE imeli raka prostate in da ne bodo vsi rakovi prostate povzročili zvišanih vrednosti PSA.
Zato je za potrditev diagnoze potrebna biopsija.
Poleg tega se odločitev o biopsiji sprejme po upoštevanju rezultatov teh testov ter posameznikovih dejavnikov tveganja in preferenc.
Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.
Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
Opozorilo: medicinsko
Ta spletna stran je namenjena samo izobraževalnim in informacijskim namenom in ne pomeni zagotavljanja zdravniških nasvetov ali strokovnih storitev.
Posredovani podatki se ne smejo uporabljati za diagnozo ali zdravljenje zdravstvenega problema ali bolezni, tisti, ki iščejo osebni zdravniški nasvet, pa se morajo posvetovati z licenciranim zdravnikom.
Upoštevajte, da je nevronska mreža, ki ustvarja odgovore na vprašanja, še posebej netočna, ko gre za številčno vsebino, na primer število ljudi, diagnosticiranih z določeno boleznijo.
Vedno poiščite nasvet svojega zdravnika ali drugega usposobljenega zdravstvenega delavca glede zdravstvenega stanja. Nikoli ne prezrite strokovnega zdravniškega nasveta ali odložite iskanja zaradi nečesa, kar ste prebrali na tej spletni strani. Če menite, da imate zdravniški nujen primer, pokličite 911 ali takoj pojdite v najbližjo urgenco. Ta spletna stran ali njena uporaba ne ustvarja nobenega odnosa med zdravnikom in bolnikom. Niti BioMedLib niti njeni zaposleni, niti kateri koli sodelavec na tej spletni strani ne daje nobenih izjav, izrecnih ali implicitnih, v zvezi z informacijami, ki so na voljo na tej spletni strani ali z njeno uporabo.
Opozorilo: avtorske pravice
Zakon o avtorskih pravicah za digitalno tisočletje iz leta 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) zagotavlja sredstva za lastnike avtorskih pravic, ki menijo, da material, ki se pojavlja na internetu, krši njihove pravice v skladu z ameriškim zakonom o avtorskih pravicah.
Če v dobri veri menite, da katera koli vsebina ali material, ki je na voljo v povezavi z našo spletno stranjo ali storitvami, krši vaše avtorske pravice, nam lahko (ali vašemu zastopniku) pošljete obvestilo, v katerem zahtevate odstranitev vsebine ali materiala ali blokiranje dostopa do njega.
Obvestila je treba poslati v pisni obliki po e-pošti (za e-poštni naslov glejte razdelek "Kontakt").
DMCA zahteva, da vaše obvestilo o domnevni kršitvi avtorskih pravic vključuje naslednje informacije: (1) opis avtorsko varovanega dela, ki je predmet domnevne kršitve; (2) opis domnevne vsebine, ki krši avtorske pravice, in informacije, ki so zadostne, da nam omogočijo iskanje vsebine; (3) kontaktne informacije za vas, vključno z vašim naslovom, telefonsko številko in e-poštnim naslovom; (4) izjavo, da imate v dobri veri prepričanje, da vsebina na način, o katerem se pritožujete, ni odobrena s strani imetnika avtorskih pravic ali njegovega zastopnika ali z delovanjem katerega koli zakona;
(5) vašo izjavo, podpisano pod kaznijo krivokletstva, da so informacije v uradnem obvestilu točne in da imate pooblastilo za uveljavljanje avtorskih pravic, ki naj bi bile kršene;
in (6) fizični ali elektronski podpis imetnika avtorskih pravic ali osebe, pooblaščene, da deluje v imenu imetnika avtorskih pravic.
Če ne vključite vseh zgornjih informacij, se lahko obravnava vaše pritožbe odloži.
Kontaktni podatki
Prosimo, pošljite nam e-pošto s kakršnim koli vprašanjem / predlogom.
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
Približno
BioMedLib uporablja avtomatizirane računalnike (algoritme strojnega učenja) za ustvarjanje parov vprašanj in odgovorov.
Začeli smo s 35 milijoni biomedicinskih publikacij PubMed/Medline in spletnih strani RefinedWeb.
