Za rak prostate je na voljo več možnosti zdravljenja, odvisno od stopnje in agresivnosti raka, kot tudi od splošnega zdravja bolnika in osebnih preferenc.
Nekatera pogosta zdravljenja vključujejo:
1. Aktivni nadzor: Ta pristop vključuje natančno spremljanje raka z rednimi pregledi in testi, namesto takojšnjega začetka zdravljenja.
Lahko je primeren za moške z rakom prostate z nizkim tveganjem.
2. Kirurški poseg: Prostatektomija je kirurški poseg za odstranitev prostate.
To se lahko izvede z odprtim kirurškim posegom ali laparoskopsko (z uporabo majhnih rezov in specializiranih orodij).
3. Radioterapija: To zdravljenje uporablja visokoenergetsko sevanje za uničenje rakavih celic.
Lahko se da zunaj (iz stroja zunaj telesa) ali notranje (prek implantatov, nameščenih v bližini tumorja).
4. Hormonska terapija: To zdravljenje zmanjšuje raven moških hormonov (androgenov) v telesu, kar lahko upočasni ali ustavi rast raka prostate.
Uporablja se lahko samostojno ali v kombinaciji z drugimi zdravljenji.
5. Kemoterapija: Pri tem zdravljenju se uporabljajo zdravila, ki uničujejo rakave celice.
Uporablja se lahko pri napredovalem raku prostate, ki se je razširil na druge dele telesa.
6. Imunoterapija: To zdravljenje pomaga imunskemu sistemu, da se bori proti raku.
Uporablja se lahko pri napredovalem raku prostate, ki se ni odzval na druga zdravljenja.
7. Ciljno usmerjeno zdravljenje: To zdravljenje cilja na določene gene ali beljakovine, ki pomagajo rakavim celicam rasti in preživeti.
Uporablja se lahko pri napredovalem raku prostate, ki se ni odzval na druga zdravljenja.
8. Krioterapija: To zdravljenje uporablja ekstremno mraz za zamrznitev in uničenje rakavih celic.
Uporablja se lahko pri raku prostate v zgodnjem stadiju ali pri raku, ki se je po drugih zdravljenjih vrnil.
9. Visoko intenzivni fokusirani ultrazvok (HIFU): To zdravljenje uporablja visokofrekvenčne zvočne valove za segrevanje in uničevanje rakavih celic.
Uporablja se lahko pri raku prostate v zgodnjem stadiju ali pri raku, ki se je po drugih zdravljenjih vrnil.
10. Pazljivo čakanje: Ta pristop vključuje natančno spremljanje raka z rednimi pregledi in testi, vendar se zdravljenje ne začne, dokler se simptomi ne pojavijo ali spremenijo.
Lahko je primeren za starejše moške z počasno rastočim rakom prostate in drugimi resnimi zdravstvenimi težavami.
Pomembno je, da se o vseh možnostih zdravljenja pogovorite z zdravstveno ekipo, da bi določili najboljši način ukrepanja za vsak posamezen primer.
Wang Y, Chen J, Wu Z, Ding W, Gao S, Gao Y, Xu C: Mechanisms of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer and therapeutic strategies to overcome it. Br J Pharmacol. 2021, 178 (2): 239-261.
Talkar SS, Patravale VB: Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2021, 21 (3): 385-396.
Šamija I, Fröbe A: CHALLENGES IN MANIPULATING IMMUNE SYSTEM TO TREAT PROSTATE CANCER. Acta Clin Croat. 2019, 58 (Suppl 2): 76-81.
Akaza H, Hinotsu S, Usami M, Ogawa O, Kagawa S, Kitamura T, Tsukamoto T, Naito S, Hirao Y, Murai M, Yamanaka H, Namiki M: The case for androgen deprivation as primary therapy for early stage disease: results from J-CaP and CaPSURE. J Urol. 2006, 176 (6 Pt 2): S47-9.
Abraham-Miranda J, Awasthi S, Yamoah K: Immunologic disparities in prostate cancer between American men of African and European descent. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021, 164 (): 103426.
de Vrij J, Willemsen RA, Lindholm L, Hoeben RC, Bangma CH, Barber C, Behr JP, Briggs S, Carlisle R, Cheng WS, Dautzenberg IJ, de Ridder C, Dzojic H, Erbacher P, Essand M, Fisher K, Frazier A, Georgopoulos LJ, Jennings I, Kochanek S, Koppers-Lalic D, Kraaij R, Kreppel F, Magnusson M, Maitland N, Neuberg P, Nugent R, Ogris M, Remy JS, Scaife M, Schenk-Braat E, Schooten E, Seymour L, Slade M, Szyjanowicz P, Totterman T, Uil TG, Ulbrich K, van der Weel L, van Weerden W, Wagner E, Zuber G: Adenovirus-derived vectors for prostate cancer gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther. 2010, 21 (7): 795-805.
Lee E, Ha S, Logan SK: Divergent Androgen Receptor and Beta-Catenin Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. PLoS One. 2015, 10 (10): e0141589.
Opozorilo: medicinsko
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Posredovani podatki se ne smejo uporabljati za diagnozo ali zdravljenje zdravstvenega problema ali bolezni, tisti, ki iščejo osebni zdravniški nasvet, pa se morajo posvetovati z licenciranim zdravnikom.
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How to treat prostate cancer?
There are several treatment options available for prostate cancer, depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences.
Some common treatments include:
1. Active surveillance: This approach involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular checkups and tests, rather than immediately starting treatment.
It may be suitable for men with low-risk prostate cancer.
2. Surgery: A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the prostate gland.
It can be done through open surgery or laparoscopically (using small incisions and specialized tools).
3. Radiation therapy: This treatment uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
It can be delivered externally (from a machine outside the body) or internally (through implants placed near the tumor).
4. Hormone therapy: This treatment reduces the levels of male hormones (androgens) in the body, which can slow or stop the growth of prostate cancer.
It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments.
5. Chemotherapy: This treatment uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.
6. Immunotherapy: This treatment helps the immune system fight cancer.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has not responded to other treatments.
7. Targeted therapy: This treatment targets specific genes or proteins that help cancer cells grow and survive.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has not responded to other treatments.
8. Cryotherapy: This treatment uses extreme cold to freeze and kill cancer cells.
It may be used for early-stage prostate cancer or for cancer that has come back after other treatments.
9. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU): This treatment uses high-frequency sound waves to heat and destroy cancer cells.
It may be used for early-stage prostate cancer or for cancer that has come back after other treatments.
10. Watchful waiting: This approach involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular checkups and tests, but not starting treatment unless symptoms appear or change.
It may be suitable for older men with slow-growing prostate cancer and other serious health conditions.
It is important to discuss all treatment options with a healthcare team to determine the best course of action for each individual case.
Disclaimer: medical
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