How is Prostate cancer diagnosed?

Sidee loo ogaadaa kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'?

Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' waxaa lagu ogaadaa baaritaano iyo habab kala duwan, kuwaas oo ay ka mid noqon karaan:

1. Imtixaanka DIGITAL Rectal (DRE): Dhakhtarku wuxuu farta galiyaa rectum-ka si uu u ogaado haddii uu jiro wax aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhaca qanjirka 'prostate'.

2. Tijaabada antigen-ka gaarka ah ee qanjirka 'prostate-specific antigen' (PSA): Tani waa baaritaan dhiig ah oo lagu cabiro heerka PSA, oo ah borotiin ay soo saarto qanjirka 'prostate'.

Heerarka sare ee PSA waxay muujin karaan jiritaanka kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'.

3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Qalab yar ayaa la geliyaa rectum si loo abuuro sawirka qanjirka 'prostate' iyadoo la adeegsanayo hirarka codka.

Tani waxay kaa caawin kartaa in aad ogaato cilladaha ku jira qanjirka 'prostate'.

4. Biopsy: Tijaabo yar oo ka mid ah unugyada qanjirka 'prostate' ayaa laga qaadaa waxaana lagu baaraa microscope si loo ogaado jiritaanka unugyada kansarka.

Tani waa habka kaliya ee saxda ah ee lagu ogaan karo kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'.

5. Sawirka Magnetic Resonance (MRI): Sawirka MRI ee qanjirka 'prostate' wuxuu kaa caawin karaa inaad ogaato wax aan caadi ahayn oo aad ku hagto habka baaritaanka.

6. Imtixaanka genomic: Dhakhaatiirta qaarkood waxay isticmaali karaan tijaabooyinka genomic si ay u caawiyaan go'aaminta halista kansarka iyo hagidda go'aamada daaweynta.

7. Scan-ka lafaha: Scan-ka lafaha ayaa la sameyn karaa si loo hubiyo in kansarku ku faafay lafaha.

8. Tomography (CT) Scan: CT scan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu hubiyo in kansarku ku faafay xubnaha kale ama unugyada.

Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in ragga oo dhan oo leh heerarka sare ee PSA ama natiijooyinka aan caadiga ahayn ee DRE aysan yeelan doonin kansarka qanjirka 'prostate', oo aan dhammaan kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' aysan sababi doonin heerarka sare ee PSA.

Sidaa awgeed, waxaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo baaritaan si loo xaqiijiyo cudurka.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, go'aanka in la sameeyo baaritaanka waxaa la sameeyaa ka dib marka la tixgeliyo natiijooyinka baaritaanadaas iyo waxyaabaha halista ah ee qofka iyo waxa uu jecel yahay.

Tixraacyada

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.

Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.

Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.

Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.

McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.

An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn²⁺ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.

[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.

Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.

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Had iyo jeer raadi talada dhakhtarkaaga ama daryeel caafimaad oo kale oo u qalma oo ku saabsan xaalad caafimaad. Waligaa ha iska indho tirin talada caafimaadka xirfadeed ama ha dib u dhigin raadinta sababtoo ah wax aad ka akhrisay boggan internetka. Haddii aad u maleyneyso inaad leedahay xaalad caafimaad oo degdeg ah, wac 911 ama u tag qolka gurmadka degdegga ah ee kuugu dhow isla markiiba. Xiriirka dhakhtarka iyo bukaanka looma abuuro boggan internetka ama isticmaalkiisa. BioMedLib ama shaqaalaheeda, ama qof kasta oo ka qaybqaata boggan internetka, ma sameeyaan wax matalaad ah, si cad ama si macquul ah, oo ku saabsan macluumaadka halkan lagu bixiyo ama isticmaalkiisa.

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Haddii aadan ku darin dhammaan macluumaadka kor ku xusan waxay keeni kartaa dib u dhac ku yimaada ka baaraandegista cabashadaada.

Xiriirka

Fadlan noogu soo dir emayl su'aal kasta / soo jeedin.

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.

2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.

Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.

3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.

This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.

4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.

This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.

5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.

6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.

7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.

8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.

It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.

Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.

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