Kankere ea mala e fumanoa ka ho etsa liteko le mekhoa e mengata, e ka' nang ea akarelletsa:
1. Ho hlahloba'mele: Ngaka e tla hlahloba'mele ho bona hore na ho na le lintho tse sa tloaelehang kapa matšoao a ho kula.
2. Liteko tsa mali: Liteko tsa mali li ka thusa ho fumana hore na ho na le ho sa tloaelehang ho itseng maling ho ka' nang ha bontša hore motho o na le kankere.
3. Ho hlahloba mantle: Ho hlahloba mantle ho ka bontša hore na ho na le mali mantleng, e leng se ka 'nang sa bontša hore motho o na le kankere ea mala.
4. Colonoscopy: Ena ke mokhoa oo ka oona ho kenngoang tube e tšesaane, e tenyetsehang e nang le lebone le khamera qetellong ea eona ka maleng ho hlahloba mala.
Nakong ea ha ngaka e hlahloba mala, e ka boela ea nka lisele tse itseng (biopsies) hore e hlahlobe hore na li na le kankere kapa che.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Ho tšoana le colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy e hlahloba karolo e ka tlaase ea mala.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: Ena ke CT scan ea mala a maholo e etsang setšoantšo sa 3D sa mala a maholo le mala a morao.
7. Ho hlahloba mali a ka har'a mantle: Ho hlahloba mali a ka har'a mantle ho ka 'na ha bontša hore motho o na le kankere.
8. Barium enema e nang le lintho tse peli tse fapaneng: Ena ke tlhahlobo ea x-ray ea mala a maholo le a morao, moo ho sebelisoang ntho e fapaneng ho bona lintho tse sa tloaelehang.
9. Ho ntša lisele: Ho ntša lisele ke ho tlosa lisele tse nyenyane tse ka maleng a maholo bakeng sa ho li hlahloba ka microscope ho bona hore na li na le kankere.
10. Litlhahlobo tsa litšoantšo: Ho ka 'na ha etsoa CT scan, MRI scan le chest x-ray ho bona hore na kankere e nametse likarolong tse ling tsa'mele.
Hang ha ho fumanoe hore motho o na le kankere ea mala, ngaka e tla hlahloba hore na e se e fihlile boemong bofe, e leng se tla thusa ho etsa qeto ea hore na ke phekolo efe e molemohali.
Ho khethoa ha hore na kankere e namme hakae ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba eona le moo e leng teng, hammoho le hore na e nametse likarolong tse ling tsa'mele.
Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.
Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.
Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.
Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.
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["le (6) ho saena ka letsoho kapa ka elektronike ha mong'a litokelo tsa bangoli kapa motho ea lumeletsoeng ho nka khato lebitsong la mong'a litokelo tsa bangoli. "]
['Ho hloleha ho kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseding yohle e ka hodimo ho ka baka ho dieha ha ho sebetswa tletlebo ya hao.']
['Ho Iteanya']
['Ka kōpo re romelle imeile ka potso / tlhahiso leha e le efe.']
How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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