What are the risk factors for Diabetes?

['Lalela lelikhasi']

Ngutiphi tintfo letingabangela kutsi ube nesifo sashukela?

Kunetintfo letinyenti letingenta umuntfu abe nesifo sashukela, letifaka ekhatsi:

1. Umlandvo wemndeni: Kuba nemtali nobe umnakabo lonesifo sashukela kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube naso.

2. Budzala: Ingoti yekutsi ube nesifo sashukela i-Type 2 iyakhula njengobe uchubeka ukhula, ikakhulukati ngemuva kweminyaka lengu-45 budzala.

3. Sisindvo semtimba: Kuba nesisindvo lesengetiwe nobe kukhuluphala kakhulu kungakhulisa ingoti yekungenwa ngulesifo.

4. Kungenami umtimba: Kungenami umtimba kungakhulisa ingoti yekungenwa ngulesifo.

5. Buve: Bantfu labatsite labavela e-Afrika, eMelika, eMelika lese-Asia, kanye nebantfu labachamuka emaveni lahlukahlukene, basengotini lenkhulu yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

6. Sifo sashukela sekukhulelwa: Besifazane labanaso ngesikhatsi bakhulelwe basengotini lenkhulu yekungenwa sifo sashukela sesibili.

7. Sifo sekuba nema-polycystic ovary syndrome: Besifazane labanaso basengotini lenkhulu yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

8. Sifo sekushintja kwekudla lokudla (metabolic syndrome): Lesifo lesihlanganisa umfutfo wengati lophakeme, i-cholesterol lenyenti kanye nekukhuluphala, sandzisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

9. Kubhema: Kubhema kungenta umuntfu angakhoni kusebentisa i-insulin, lokungabangela kutsi abe nesifo sashukela.

10. Sifo sashukela: Kuba nesifo sashukela nobe kuba nemashukela lamanyenti engatini kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela sesibili.

11. Kutalwa anesisindvo lesincane: Bantfwana labatalwa banesisindvo lesincane basengotini lenkhulu yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

12. Umfutfo wengati lophakeme: Kuba nemfutfo wengati lophakeme kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

13. Emazinga langakavami e-cholesterol kanye ne-triglyceride: Emazinga lasetulu e-triglyceride kanye nemazinga laphansi e-HDL (cholesterol lenhle) akhulisa ingoti yekutsi ube nesifo sashukela se-type 2.

14. Kuphefumula kabi nawulala: Bantfu labanenkinga yekuphefumula kabi nabalele basengotini lenkhulu yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

15. Kucindzeteleka: Kucindzeteleka lokungapheli kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

16. Imitsi letsite: Leminye imitsi lefaka ekhatsi i-steroid kanye ne-antipsychotic, ingenta umuntfu abe sengotini yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

17. Kuvuvuka: Kuvuvuka lokungapheli kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

18. Kuphila ngendlela yekungaphumuli: Kuphila ngendlela yekungaphumuli kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

19. Kudla lokunemafutsa lamanyenti kanye nemandla: Kudla lokunemafutsa lamanyenti kanye nemandla kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

20. Kunatsa tjwala: Kunatsa kakhulu tjwala kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

21. Kulala sikhatsi lesincane: Kulala sikhatsi lesincane kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

22. Kungcola kwemoya: Kungcola kwemoya kungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

23. Tifo letitsite: Tifo letitsite, njengesifo sekusha kwesibindi (hepatitis C), tingenta kutsi ube sengotini yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

24. Umtimba unemafutsa lamanyenti labulala luhlobo lunye lwetifo: Emafutsa lamanyenti labulala luhlobo lolunye lwetifo, kungenta umuntfu abe sengotini yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

25. Kuba ne-uric acid lenyenti: Kuba ne-uric acid lenyenti kungenta umuntfu abe nesifo sashukela.

26. Umsoco lomnyenti we-C-reactive protein: Umsoco lomnyenti we-C-reactive protein, longumkhombandlela wekusha, ungakhulisa ingoti yekutsi ube nesifo sashukela sesibili.

27. Umsoco lomnyenti: Umsoco lomnyenti, longenta ingati ingasheshi ishaye, ungakhulisa ematfuba ekutsi ube nesifo sashukela.

28. I-PAI-1 lenyenti: I-PAI-1 lenyenti, lokuyiprotheni leyenta ingati ingasheshi inyakate, ingenta umuntfu abe sengotini yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

29. Umtimba unemafutsa lamanyenti: Emafutsa lamanyenti, lokuyintfo lelawula sifiso sekudla, angenta umuntfu abe sengotini yekungenwa sifo sashukela.

30. Emazinga lasetulu e-resistin: Emazinga lasetulu e-resistin, lokungumtimba lokhutsata kutsi umuntfu angakhoni kusebentisa i-insulin, angenta umuntfu abe sengotini yekungenwa sifo sekungafuni kusebentisa i-insulin

['Tintfo letibhalwe phansi']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

King WM, Saseen JJ, Anderson SL: Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014, 5 (5): 206-11.

Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.

Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.

Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.

Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.

Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.

Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.

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What are the risk factors for diabetes?

There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:

1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.

2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.

3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.

4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.

5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.

10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing

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