What are the risk factors for Heart attack?

Ngutiphi tintfo letingabangela kutsi inhlitiyo ihlaselwe sifo senhlitiyo?

Kunetintfo letinyenti letibangela sifo senhlitiyo, letifaka ekhatsi:

1. Budzala: Ingoti yekutsi inhlitiyo ihlasele umuntfu iyakhula njengobe uchubeka ukhula, ikakhulukati emadvodza nasekaneminyaka lengu-45 budzala bese kutsi bafati babe neminyaka lengu-55.

2. Ema-cholesterol lasetulu: Ema-cholesterol lasetulu ema-LDL (lamabi) kanye nema-cholesterol laphansi ema-HDL (lamahle) angenta umuntfu abe sengotini yekuhlaselwa sifo senhlitiyo.

3. Umfutfo wengati lophakeme: Umfutfo wengati lophakeme longalawulwa ungalimaza imisipha futsi wente umuntfu abe sengotini yekuhlaselwa yinhlitiyo.

4. Sifo sashukela: Bantfu labanesifo sashukela basengotini lenkhulu yekuhlaselwa sifo senhlitiyo ngenca yekonakala kwemitsambo yengati ngenca yekwenyuka kwashukela.

5. Kuba nesisindvo lesengetiwe nobe kukhuluphala kakhulu: Kuba nesisindvo lesengetiwe kungakhulisa ingoti yekutsi ungaphatfwa sifo senhlitiyo ngekutsi kube naletinye tintfo letibangela sifo njengengati lesheshe inyuke kanye nesifo sashukela.

6. Kungativocavoci: Kungativocavoci kungenta umuntfu abe nesifo senhlitiyo futsi kungamenta abe sengotini yekuhlaselwa sifo senhlitiyo.

7. Kubhema: Kubhema kuyingoti lenkhulu yekutsi inhlitiyo yakho ihlasele, ngobe kulimaza imithambo yengati futsi kwente ingati ingasheshi inyakate.

8. Umlandvo wemndeni: Umlandvo wemndeni lonesifo senhlitiyo ungakhulisa ingoti yekuhlaselwa sifo senhlitiyo.

9. Kuhlaselwa yinhlitiyo (atrial fibrillation): Loku kungashintjashintja kwekushaya kwenhlitiyo lokungenta kutsi ube sengotini yekuhlaselwa yinhlitiyo kanye nekushaywa sitilokhi.

10. Kuhlaselwa yinhlitiyo nobe sifo sekuwa: Bantfu labake bahlaselwa yinhlitiyo nobe sifo sekuwa basengotini lenkhulu yekuphindze bahlaselwe ngulesifo.

11. Kucindzeteleka: Kucindzeteleka lokungapheli kungenta umuntfu abe nesifo senhlitiyo futsi kungenta kutsi abe sengotini yekuhlaselwa sifo senhlitiyo.

12. Tifo letihlasela emasotja emtimba: Tifo letifaka ekhatsi i-lupus kanye nesifo sematsambo, tingenta kutsi labasikati bangenwa tifo tenhlitiyo.

13. Tinkinga temphilo letihlobene nekukhulelwa: Besifazane labanesifo sashukela nobe umfutfo wengati ngesikhatsi bakhulelwe basengotini lenkhulu yekugula enhlitiyweni nasebakhulile.

14. Ema-estrogen laphansi: Bafati lasebacedzile kuya esikhatsini nobe labahlindziwe banema-estrogen laphansi, lokungenta kutsi babe sengotini yekugula enhlitiyweni kunalabo labasengakaze baye esikhatsini.

Kubalulekile kwati kutsi nanobe letinye tintfo letiyingoti, njengeminyaka kanye nemlandvo wemndeni, tingeke tishintjwe, letinye letinyenti tingalawulwa ngekushintja indlela yekuphila kanye nekungenelela kwetekwelapha.

Kuhlolwa njalo, kudla kudla lokunemphilo, kutivocavoca njalo, kuyekela kubhema kanye nekunakekela tifo letingelapheki njengengati lephakeme kanye nesifo sashukela kungasita ekwehliseni ingoti yekutsi inhlitiyo ihlasele.

['Tintfo letibhalwe phansi']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.

Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.

Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.

Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.

Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.

Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.

Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.

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['Uyacelwa kutsi ucaphele kutsi luhlelo lwekuchumana lolwakha timphendvulo temibuto, alukabi kahle kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngetinombolo. Sibonelo, sibalo sebantfu labanesifo lesitsite.']

['Ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi cela seluleko kudokotela wakho nobe lomunye loniketa lusito lwetemphilo mayelana nesimo sakho sekugula. Ungalokotsi unganaki seluleko sebucwepheshe nobe wephute kusitfola ngenca yalokutsite lokufundze kulewebhusayithi. Uma ucabanga kutsi kungenteka unekugula, shayela 911 nobe uye egunjini lelisedvute lekuphutfuma ngekushesha. Kute budlelwane emkhatsini wetekwelapha nesigulane lobentiwa ngulewebhusayithi nobe kusetjentiswa kwayo. I-BioMedLib nobe basebenti bayo, nobe ngumuphi umuntfu lofaka sandla kulewebhusayithi, akenti nobe nguyiphi imiculu, lechazako nobe lechazako, mayelana nemniningwane loniketwe lapha nobe kusetjentiswa kwayo.']

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['Nangabe ukholelwa kutsi nobe nguyiphi intfo nobe intfo lekhona kulewebhusayithi nobe etinhlelweni tetfu yephula emalungelo akho, wena (nobe ummeli wakho) ungasitfumelela satiso ucele kutsi leyo nto nobe intfo isuswe nobe ivinjelwe.']

['Tatiso kumele titfunyelwe nge-email (buka likheli le-email kusigaba "Sekuchumana").']

['I-DMCA idzinga kutsi satiso sakho sekuhlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu sicukatse lemininingwane lelandzelako: (1) inchazelo yemsebenti logunyatwe emalungelo eluntfu lokutsiwa uphasiwe; (2) inchazelo yalokucuketfwe lokutsiwa kuphasiwe kanye nemininingwane leyenele kutsi sikhone kutfola lokucuketfwe; (3) imininingwane yekutsintsana nawe, kufaka ekhatsi likheli lakho, inombolo yelucingo nelikheli le-email; (4) sitatimende sakho sekutsi unenkolelo lenhle yekutsi lokucuketfwe ngendlela lokhonjiwe akukavumeleki kumnikati wemalungelo eluntfu, nobe kummeli wakhe, nobe ngekusebenta kwanoma ngumuphi umtsetfo; ']

['(5) sitatimende sakho, lesisayinwe ngaphasi kwesijeziso sekufunga emanga, sekutsi umniningwane lokuso satiso ucinisile nekutsi uneligunya lekuvikela emalungelo e-copyright lasolwa kutsi ephuliwe;']

['kanye (6) nekusayina ngekwemtimba nobe nge-elekthroniki kwemnikati we-copyright nobe umuntfu logunyatiwe kutsi ente umsebenti egameni lemnikati we-copyright. ']

['Kwehluleka kufaka yonkhe lemininingwane lengenhla kungaholela ekubambelekeni kwekusetjentwa kwesikhalo sakho.']

['Kuchumana']

['Sicela usitfumelele i-email nganobe nguwuphi umbuto / umbono.']

What are the risk factors for heart attack?

There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:

1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.

2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.

3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.

4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.

5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.

6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.

7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.

8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.

9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.

11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.

12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.

13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.

14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.

It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.

Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.

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