How is Breast cancer diagnosed?

Kumaha carana sangkan kanker payudara bisa didiagnosis?

Kanker payudara didiagnosis ku cara maké sababaraha tés jeung prosedur, di antarana:

1. Ujian payudara: Dokter bakal mariksa payudara pikeun ningali aya nu ngabareuhan, ukuran atawa bentukna geus robah, atawa aya nu teu normal.

2. Mamogram: Pamakéan sinar-X dina dada nu bisa ngadeteksi abnormalitasna saacan dirasa.

3. Ultrasound: Ujian ngagunakeun gelombang sora pikeun némbongkeun gambar jaringan payudara.

4. MRI: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ngagunakeun medan magnét jeung gelombang radio pikeun nyieun gambar nu rinci ngeunaan jaringan payudara.

5. Biopsi: Dipiceun sababaraha jaringan payudara, tuluy ditalungtik maké mikroskop pikeun ningali naha aya sél kanker.

6. Tés getih: Aya tés getih nu bisa dilakukeun pikeun nangtukeun tahap kanker atawa pikeun ngawaskeun pangobatan.

7. Pangujian genetik: Lamun aya kulawarga nu kungsi ngalaman kanker payudara, bisa jadi aya nu ngalaman uji genetik pikeun nangtukeun naha aya mutasi gén nu bisa ngabalukarkeun kanker payudara.

8. CT scan, PET scan, atawa bone scan: Ieu téh tés pikeun mariksa naha kanker geus sumebar ka bagian séjén awak.

Sanggeus didiagnosa kanker payudara, bisa dilakukeun tés séjén pikeun nangtukeun tahap jeung darajat kankerna.

['Rujukan']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.

Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.

Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.

Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.

Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.

Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.

Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.

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['Bewara kudu dikirimkeun ku email (tempo bagian "Kontak" pikeun alamat email).']

['DMCA merlukeun yén bewara Anjeun tina ngalanggar hak cipta disangka kaasup informasi di handap ieu: (1) pedaran karya nu hak ciptana nu subyek ngalanggar ngaku; (2) pedaran eusi nu disangka ngalanggar jeung informasi cukup pikeun ngidinan urang pikeun nomeran eusi; (3) informasi kontak pikeun anjeun, kaasup alamat anjeun, nomer telepon jeung alamat surélék; (4) pernyataan ku anjeun nu boga kapercayaan alus iman nu eusi dina ragam complaining ngeunaan teu otorisasi ku nu boga hak cipta, atawa agén anak, atawa ku operasi hukum nu mana wae; ']

['(5) pernyataan nu ditandatanganan ku Sadérék, nu ngajamin yén informasi nu aya dina éta surat téh bener jeung Sadérék boga wewenang pikeun ngabéla hak cipta nu diklaim dilanggar.']

['jeung (6) tanda tangan nu nyata atawa éléktronik nu boga hak cipta atawa jalma nu boga wewenang pikeun ngawakilan nu boga hak cipta. ']

['Lamun teu kaasup kabéh informasi di luhur, bisa ngalambatkeun panalungtikan keluhan.']

['Kontak']

['Mangga kirimkeun email ka kami lamun aya pertanyaan/saran.']

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.

2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.

3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.

4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.

5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.

7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.

8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.

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