Kanker paru-paru didiagnosis ku cara maké sababaraha tés jeung prosedur, di antarana:
1. Sajarah panyakit jeung ujian fisik: Dokter bakal nanyakeun ngeunaan gejala, sajarah ngaroko, jeung sajarah kulawarga nu boga kanker paru-paru.
Maranéhna ogé bakal mariksa awak pikeun mariksa naha aya tanda-tanda panyakit.
2. Tés Imaging: X-ray dada jeung tomografi komputer (CT) biasana dipaké pikeun nyieun gambar paru-paru jeung struktur sabudeureunana.
Tés ieu bisa ngabantu ngadeteksi abnormalitas, saperti tumor atawa nodul, nu bisa nunjukkeun ayana kanker paru-paru.
3. Sitologi limpa: Sampel limpa (lemak nu dikaluarkeun tina bayah) dipariksa maké mikroskop pikeun néangan sél kanker.
4. Biopsi: Dipiceun jaringan paru sarta ditalungtik maké mikroskop pikeun ningali naha aya sél kanker.
Ieu bisa dilakukeun ku cara bronkoskopi, biopsi jarum, atawa biopsi bedah.
5. Bronkoskopi: Tabung ipis nu aya lampu jeung kaméra dipasokkeun ngaliwatan irung atawa sungut terus ka jero tikoro pikeun mariksa saluran napas jeung bayah.
Prosedur ieu ogé bisa dipaké pikeun ngumpulkeun sampel jaringan pikeun biopsi.
6. Aspirasi jarum ipis (FNA): Jarum ipis disuntikkeun kana kelenjar atawa massa paru pikeun ngumpulkeun sél pikeun ditalungtik.
7. Thoracentesis: Cairan dicokot tina rohangan antara bayah jeung dada maké jarum, tuluy diujikeun naha aya sél kanker.
8. Tés getih: Sanajan ngan ku tés getih wungkul teu bisa ngabedakeun kanker paru, tapi bisa ngabantu pikeun nangtukeun kaayaan kaséhatan sakabéh nu gering sarta bisa ngabedakeun naon waé nu bisa nunjukkeun ayana kanker.
9. CT scan, MRI, PET scan, jeung tés séjénna: Tés ieu bisa dipaké pikeun nyaho naha kanker geus sumebar ka bagian séjén awak.
Lamun geus didiagnosis kanker paru, bisa dilakukeun tés tambahan pikeun nangtukeun tahap kankerna.
Ujian ieu bisa ngawengku tés gambar, saperti CT scan otak, scan tulang, atawa positron emission tomography (PET).
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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