Khensa ya kholokholo yi voniwa hi ku tirhisa tindlela to hambana-hambana to kambela, leti nga ha katsaka:
1. Ku kambela miri: Dokodela u ta kambela miri ku vona loko wu nga ri na swiphiqo kumbe swikombiso swa vuvabyi.
2. Minkambisiso ya ngati: Minkambisiso ya ngati yi nga pfuna ku vona loko ku ri ni ku cinca ko karhi engatini loku nga ha kombisaka leswaku ku ni khensa.
3. Ku kambela thyaka: Ku kambela thyaka swi nga kombisa ngati eka thyaka, leswi nga ha vaka xikombiso xa khensa ya kholokholo.
4. Colonoscopy: I endlelo leri eka rona ku nghenisiwaka phayiphi yo lala, leyi olovaka leyi nga ni rivoni ni khamera emakumu ka yona leswaku yi kambela kholokholo.
Loko dokodela a kambela kholokholo, a nga ha teka tisele ta rona leswaku a kambela loko ti ri ni khensa.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Ku fana ni endlelo ra ku kambela kholokholo, endlelo ra sigmoidoscopy ri kambela xiphemu xa le hansi xa kholokholo.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: I ku kamberiwa ka kholokholo hi CT leyi endlaka xifaniso xa kholokholo ni xifuva hi ndlela ya 3D.
7. Nkambisiso wa ngati leyi nga humiki eka thyaka: Nkambisiso lowu wu kambela ngati eka thyaka, leswi nga ha kombisaka leswaku ku ni khensa.
8. Barium enema leyi nga ni swilo swimbirhi leswi nga ni khombo: I ku kamberiwa ka kholokholo ni rektum hi x-rheyi, laha ku tirhisiwaka nchumu lowu nga ni khombo leswaku ku voniwa swilo leswi nga riki kahle.
9. Ku teka tisele ta kholokholo: Ku teka tisele ta kholokholo i ku susa tinyama letitsongo leswaku ti ta kambisisiwa hi makhiroskopu ku vona loko ti ri ni khensa.
10. Ku kambela hi michini: Ku nga ha tirhisiwa michini yo kambela ngati leyi vuriwaka CT scan, MRI scan ni x-rheyi ya xifuva leswaku ku ta voniwa loko khensa yi hangalake ni swirho swin'wana swa miri.
Loko dokodela a kuma leswaku u ni khensa ya kholokholo, u ta ku byela leswaku u le ka xiyimo xihi, leswi nga ta ku pfuna ku kuma vutshunguri lebyinene.
Leswaku tshumba ri kule ku fikela kwihi swi titshege hi mpimo wa rona ni laha ri nga kona, ni loko ri hangalake ni swirho swin'wana swa miri.
Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.
Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.
Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.
Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.
['Xihlambanyo xa vutihlamuleri: swa vutshunguri']
['Website leyi yi endleriwe ku dyondzisa ni ku nyika rungula ntsena naswona a yi nyiki switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe mintirho ya vativi va swa vutshunguri.']
['Rungula leri nyikeriweke a ri fanelanga ri tirhisiwa ku kambela kumbe ku tshungula xiphiqo xa rihanyo kumbe vuvabyi, naswona lava lavaka xitsundzuxo xa vutshunguri va fanele va vonana ni dokodela la nga ni mpfumelelo.']
['Xiya leswaku ndlela leyi ti-neural net ti hlamulaka swivutiso ha yona a yi pakanisi ngopfu loko ku vulavuriwa hi tinomboro, to tanihi nhlayo ya vanhu lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi byo karhi.']
["Minkarhi hinkwayo kombela xitsundzuxo eka dokodela wa wena kumbe eka muongori la fanelekaka malunghana ni xiyimo xa rihanyo ra wena. U nga tshuki u honisa xitsundzuxo xa dokodela kumbe u hlwela ku xi lava hikwalaho ka leswi u swi hlayeke eka website leyi. Loko u ehleketa leswaku u le xiyin'weni xa xihatla xa rihanyo, bela riqingho eka 911 kumbe u ya ekamareni ra xihatla leri nga ekusuhi na wena hi ku hatlisa. A ku na vuxaka bya dokodela ni muvabyi lebyi tumbuluxiweke hi website leyi kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka yona. BioMedLib kumbe vatirhi va yona, kumbe un'wana ni un'wana la hoxaka xandla eka website leyi, a nga endli switiyisekiso, leswi nga erivaleni kumbe leswi nga erivaleni, malunghana ni rungula leri nga laha kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka rona."]
['Ku ala ku byarha vutihlamuleri: mfanelo yo tsala']
['Nawu wa Digital Millennium Copyright Act wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) wu nyika tindlela ta ku tihlanganisa na vini va timfanelo ta vuhleri lava va tshembaka leswaku swilo leswi humelelaka eka Internet swi tlula timfanelo ta vona ehansi ka nawu wa vuhleri wa U.S.']
['Loko u tshemba leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi kumekaka eka website ya hina kumbe eka mintirho ya hina swi tlula mfanelo ya wena yo endla swilo, wena (kumbe muyimeri wa wena) u nga hi rhumela xitiviso u kombela leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi swi susiwa kumbe swi siveriwa.']
['Switiviso swi fanele ku rhumeriwa hi ku tsala hi imeyili (languta eka xiyenge xa "Vuxaka" eka adirese ya imeyili).']
["DMCA yi lava leswaku xitiviso xa wena xa ku tlula nawu wa mfanelo ya ku tsala xi katsa mahungu lawa landzelaka: (1) nhlamuselo ya ntirho lowu nga na mfanelo ya ku tsala lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu tluriwile; (2) nhlamuselo ya leswi ku vuriwaka leswaku swi tlula nawu wa ku tsala ni mahungu lama ringaneke ku hi pfumelela ku kuma leswi nga endzeni; (3) mahungu ya ku tihlanganisa na wena, ku katsa ni adirese ya wena, nomboro ya riqingho na adirese ya imeyili; (4) xitiviso xa wena xa leswaku u ni ripfumelo ra leswaku leswi nga endzeni hi ndlela leyi ku vilelaka ha yona a swi pfumeleriwanga hi n'wini wa mfanelo ya ku tsala, kumbe muyimeri wa yena, kumbe hi ku tirha ka nawu wihi na wihi; "]
['(5) xitiyisiso xa wena, lexi sayiniweke ehansi ka nxupulo wa ku hemba, xa leswaku mahungu lama nga eka xitiviso i ntiyiso ni leswaku u na matimba yo tirhisa timfanelo ta vuqambi leti ku vuriwaka leswaku ti tluriwile;']
["na (6) ku sayina ka xiviri kumbe ka elektroniki ka n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi kumbe munhu la pfumeleriweke ku endla hi vito ra n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi. "]
['Loko u nga nghenisi vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi nga laha henhla swi nga endla leswaku ku tirhana ni xivilelo xa wena swi hlwela.']
['Ku Tihlanganisa']
['Hi kombela u hi rhumela imeyili hi xivutiso/xiringanyeto xihi na xihi.']
How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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