Hi swihi swilo leswi nga endlaka leswaku munhu a khomiwa hi khensa ya vele?
Ku ni swilo swo hlayanyana leswi endlaka leswaku munhu a khomiwa hi khensa ya vele, swin'wana swa swona swa cinciwa kasi swin'wana a swi cinciwi.
Hi leswi swin'wana swa swilo leswi talaka ku vanga vuvabyi lebyi:
1.Malembe: Khombo ro khomiwa hi khensa ya vele ra engeteleka loko munhu a ya a dyuhala, naswona hakanyingi yi khoma vavasati lava nga ni malembe yo tlula 50.
2. Matimu ya ndyangu: Ku va ni xaka ra le kusuhi, ro tanihi mana wa wena, makwenu wa xisati kumbe n'wana wa wena wa nhwanyana, loyi a nga ni khensa ya vele swi engetela khombo ra wena.
3. Ku cinca ka swiaki swa xitekela: Ku cinca ka swiaki swa xitekela swo tanihi BRCA1 na BRCA2 swi endla leswaku munhu a khomiwa hi khensa ya vele.
4. Matimu ya ku tswala: Ku sungula ka switlhandla ka ha ri emahlweni, ku yima ka switlhandla ka ha ri endzhaku ni ku nga vi na vana kumbe ku va ni n'wana wo sungula endzhaku ka malembe ya 30 swi nga engetela khombo.
5. Vutshunguri lebyi tirhisaka tihomoni: Ku tirhisa homoni ya estrogen ni progesterone nkarhi wo leha endzhaku ka ku yima ka switlhandla swi nga ha engetela khombo.
6. Ku nwa byala: Ku nwa byala swi engetela khombo ro khomiwa hi khensa ya vele.
7. Ku nyuhela ngopfu: Ku nyuhela ngopfu swi engetela khombo, ngopfu-ngopfu endzhaku ka ku yima ka switlhandla.
8. Ku endla vutiolori: Ku nga endli vutiolori swi nga engetela khombo.
9. Ku hisiwa hi miseve ya matimba: Ku hisiwa hi miseve ya matimba, ngopfu-ngopfu loko wa ha ri n'wana, swi nga ha engetela khombo.
10. Ku tala ka mavele: Vavasati lava nga ni mavele yo tala va le khombyeni lerikulu ro khomiwa hi khensa ya mavele.
11. Ku ya enkarhini: Vavasati lava sunguleke ku ya enkarhini va ha ri vatsongo (va nga si fika eka malembe ya 12) kumbe lava nga yima ku ya enkarhini va ha ri vatsongo (endzhaku ka malembe ya 55) va le khombyeni lerikulu.
12. Ku an'wisa: Vavasati lava nga si tshamaka va an'wisa va le khombyeni lerikulu ro khomiwa hi khensa ya vele.
I swa nkoka ku xiya leswaku ku va ni xin'we kumbe swin'wana leswi vangaka vuvabyi lebyi a swi vuli swona leswaku munhu u ta khomiwa hi khensa ya vele naswona ku va munhu a nga ri na swona a swi vuli swona leswaku a nge khomiwi hi khensa ya vele.
Hambiswiritano, ku twisisa swilo leswi vangaka mavabyi swi nga pfuna vanhu leswaku va endla swiboho leswinene malunghana ni rihanyo ra vona ni ku hunguta khombo leri va nga ha langutanaka na rona.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
['Xihlambanyo xa vutihlamuleri: swa vutshunguri']
['Website leyi yi endleriwe ku dyondzisa ni ku nyika rungula ntsena naswona a yi nyiki switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe mintirho ya vativi va swa vutshunguri.']
['Rungula leri nyikeriweke a ri fanelanga ri tirhisiwa ku kambela kumbe ku tshungula xiphiqo xa rihanyo kumbe vuvabyi, naswona lava lavaka xitsundzuxo xa vutshunguri va fanele va vonana ni dokodela la nga ni mpfumelelo.']
['Xiya leswaku ndlela leyi ti-neural net ti hlamulaka swivutiso ha yona a yi pakanisi ngopfu loko ku vulavuriwa hi tinomboro, to tanihi nhlayo ya vanhu lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi byo karhi.']
["Minkarhi hinkwayo kombela xitsundzuxo eka dokodela wa wena kumbe eka muongori la fanelekaka malunghana ni xiyimo xa rihanyo ra wena. U nga tshuki u honisa xitsundzuxo xa dokodela kumbe u hlwela ku xi lava hikwalaho ka leswi u swi hlayeke eka website leyi. Loko u ehleketa leswaku u le xiyin'weni xa xihatla xa rihanyo, bela riqingho eka 911 kumbe u ya ekamareni ra xihatla leri nga ekusuhi na wena hi ku hatlisa. A ku na vuxaka bya dokodela ni muvabyi lebyi tumbuluxiweke hi website leyi kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka yona. BioMedLib kumbe vatirhi va yona, kumbe un'wana ni un'wana la hoxaka xandla eka website leyi, a nga endli switiyisekiso, leswi nga erivaleni kumbe leswi nga erivaleni, malunghana ni rungula leri nga laha kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka rona."]
['Ku ala ku byarha vutihlamuleri: mfanelo yo tsala']
['Nawu wa Digital Millennium Copyright Act wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) wu nyika tindlela ta ku tihlanganisa na vini va timfanelo ta vuhleri lava va tshembaka leswaku swilo leswi humelelaka eka Internet swi tlula timfanelo ta vona ehansi ka nawu wa vuhleri wa U.S.']
['Loko u tshemba leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi kumekaka eka website ya hina kumbe eka mintirho ya hina swi tlula mfanelo ya wena yo endla swilo, wena (kumbe muyimeri wa wena) u nga hi rhumela xitiviso u kombela leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi swi susiwa kumbe swi siveriwa.']
['Switiviso swi fanele ku rhumeriwa hi ku tsala hi imeyili (languta eka xiyenge xa "Vuxaka" eka adirese ya imeyili).']
["DMCA yi lava leswaku xitiviso xa wena xa ku tlula nawu wa mfanelo ya ku tsala xi katsa mahungu lawa landzelaka: (1) nhlamuselo ya ntirho lowu nga na mfanelo ya ku tsala lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu tluriwile; (2) nhlamuselo ya leswi ku vuriwaka leswaku swi tlula nawu wa ku tsala ni mahungu lama ringaneke ku hi pfumelela ku kuma leswi nga endzeni; (3) mahungu ya ku tihlanganisa na wena, ku katsa ni adirese ya wena, nomboro ya riqingho na adirese ya imeyili; (4) xitiviso xa wena xa leswaku u ni ripfumelo ra leswaku leswi nga endzeni hi ndlela leyi ku vilelaka ha yona a swi pfumeleriwanga hi n'wini wa mfanelo ya ku tsala, kumbe muyimeri wa yena, kumbe hi ku tirha ka nawu wihi na wihi; "]
['(5) xitiyisiso xa wena, lexi sayiniweke ehansi ka nxupulo wa ku hemba, xa leswaku mahungu lama nga eka xitiviso i ntiyiso ni leswaku u na matimba yo tirhisa timfanelo ta vuqambi leti ku vuriwaka leswaku ti tluriwile;']
["na (6) ku sayina ka xiviri kumbe ka elektroniki ka n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi kumbe munhu la pfumeleriweke ku endla hi vito ra n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi. "]
['Loko u nga nghenisi vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi nga laha henhla swi nga endla leswaku ku tirhana ni xivilelo xa wena swi hlwela.']
['Ku Tihlanganisa']
['Hi kombela u hi rhumela imeyili hi xivutiso/xiringanyeto xihi na xihi.']
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
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