Hi swihi swilo leswi nga endlaka leswaku munhu a khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu?
Swilo leswi nga endlaka leswaku munhu a khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu swi katsa:
1. Ku dzaha: Ku dzaha fole hi swona swi vangaka khensa ya mahahu.
Khombo leri ri ya ri engeteleka loko munhu a dzaha tisigarete to tala hi siku ni loko a ri ni malembe yo tala a ri karhi a dzaha.
2. Musi lowu dzahiwaka hi vanhu van'wana: Ku dzaha musi wa fole swi nga endla leswaku vanhu lava nga dzahiki va khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu.
3. Gasi ya radon: Ku va endhawini leyi nga ni gasi ya radon yo tala, ku nga gasi leyi nga ni chefu ya ntumbuluko, swi nga ha engetela khombo ro khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu.
4. Asbestos ni swilo swin'wana leswi vangaka khensa: Ku va ekusuhi ni asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, ritshuri, nhlaka ni swilo swin'wana swi nga vanga khensa ya mahahu.
5. Nthyakiso wa moya: Ku tshama nkarhi wo leha u ri karhi u hefemula moya lowu thyakeke, ngopfu-ngopfu emadorobeni, swi nga ha engetela khombo ra ku khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu.
6. Matimu ya ndyangu: Matimu ya ndyangu ya khensa ya mahahu ma nga ha engetela khombo ra munhu.
7. Matimu ya munhu hi yexe ya vuvabyi bya mahahu: Vanhu lava nga tshama va va ni vuvabyi bya mahahu byo tanihi vuvabyi lebyi nga tshungulekiki bya mahahu (COPD [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]) kumbe rifuva va nga ha va ekhombyeni lerikulu ro khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu.
8.Malembe: Khombo ro khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu ri ya ri andza loko munhu a ya a dyuhala, naswona hakanyingi ri khoma vanhu lava nga ni malembe yo tlula 65.
9. Rimbewu: Vavanuna va tala ku khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu ku tlula vavasati.
10. Vutshunguri bya ku tlhaviwa ka khensa hi miseve: Vutshunguri bya ku tlhaviwa ka khensa yin'wana hi miseve byi nga ha engetela khombo ra ku khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu.
11. Swakudya: Swakudya leswi nga riki na mihandzu ni matsavu yo tala swi nga ha engetela khombo ra khensa ya mahahu.
12. Ku nwa byala: Ku nwa byala ku tlula mpimo swi nga ha engetela khombo ra ku khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu.
13. Xitekela: Ku cinca ka xitekela ko karhi ku nga ha engetela khombo ra khensa ya mahahu.
I swa nkoka ku xiya leswaku ku va ni xin'we kumbe swo tala swa swilo leswi swi nga vangaka vuvabyi lebyi a swi vuli swona leswaku munhu u ta khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu, naswona vanhu van'wana lava khomiwaka hi khensa ya mahahu swi nga endleka va nga ri na swona swilo leswi swi va vangaka.
Hambiswiritano, ku hunguta kumbe ku papalata ku va ekusuhi ni swilo leswi nga vangaka khensa swi nga pfuna ku hunguta khombo ra ku khomiwa hi khensa ya mahahu.
Jin YJ, Tang W, Huang Y, Wang JW, Hou DH, Qi LL, Zhao SJ, Wu N: [Risk factors for lung cancer based on low-dose computed tomography screening]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020, 42 (3): 222-227.
Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.
Zhou X, Hu J, Zhang C, Zhan Y, Song Y, Fan W, Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu D, Li F, Li D, Nie R: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12 (1): 57-65.
Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.
Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P: Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2013, 3 (4): 235-44.
Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, Tsang KW, Chau WS, Chiu SW, Ip MS, Lam WK: Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer. 2003, 40 (2): 131-40.
['Xihlambanyo xa vutihlamuleri: swa vutshunguri']
['Website leyi yi endleriwe ku dyondzisa ni ku nyika rungula ntsena naswona a yi nyiki switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe mintirho ya vativi va swa vutshunguri.']
['Rungula leri nyikeriweke a ri fanelanga ri tirhisiwa ku kambela kumbe ku tshungula xiphiqo xa rihanyo kumbe vuvabyi, naswona lava lavaka xitsundzuxo xa vutshunguri va fanele va vonana ni dokodela la nga ni mpfumelelo.']
['Xiya leswaku ndlela leyi ti-neural net ti hlamulaka swivutiso ha yona a yi pakanisi ngopfu loko ku vulavuriwa hi tinomboro, to tanihi nhlayo ya vanhu lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi byo karhi.']
["Minkarhi hinkwayo kombela xitsundzuxo eka dokodela wa wena kumbe eka muongori la fanelekaka malunghana ni xiyimo xa rihanyo ra wena. U nga tshuki u honisa xitsundzuxo xa dokodela kumbe u hlwela ku xi lava hikwalaho ka leswi u swi hlayeke eka website leyi. Loko u ehleketa leswaku u le xiyin'weni xa xihatla xa rihanyo, bela riqingho eka 911 kumbe u ya ekamareni ra xihatla leri nga ekusuhi na wena hi ku hatlisa. A ku na vuxaka bya dokodela ni muvabyi lebyi tumbuluxiweke hi website leyi kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka yona. BioMedLib kumbe vatirhi va yona, kumbe un'wana ni un'wana la hoxaka xandla eka website leyi, a nga endli switiyisekiso, leswi nga erivaleni kumbe leswi nga erivaleni, malunghana ni rungula leri nga laha kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka rona."]
['Ku ala ku byarha vutihlamuleri: mfanelo yo tsala']
['Nawu wa Digital Millennium Copyright Act wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) wu nyika tindlela ta ku tihlanganisa na vini va timfanelo ta vuhleri lava va tshembaka leswaku swilo leswi humelelaka eka Internet swi tlula timfanelo ta vona ehansi ka nawu wa vuhleri wa U.S.']
['Loko u tshemba leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi kumekaka eka website ya hina kumbe eka mintirho ya hina swi tlula mfanelo ya wena yo endla swilo, wena (kumbe muyimeri wa wena) u nga hi rhumela xitiviso u kombela leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi swi susiwa kumbe swi siveriwa.']
['Switiviso swi fanele ku rhumeriwa hi ku tsala hi imeyili (languta eka xiyenge xa "Vuxaka" eka adirese ya imeyili).']
["DMCA yi lava leswaku xitiviso xa wena xa ku tlula nawu wa mfanelo ya ku tsala xi katsa mahungu lawa landzelaka: (1) nhlamuselo ya ntirho lowu nga na mfanelo ya ku tsala lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu tluriwile; (2) nhlamuselo ya leswi ku vuriwaka leswaku swi tlula nawu wa ku tsala ni mahungu lama ringaneke ku hi pfumelela ku kuma leswi nga endzeni; (3) mahungu ya ku tihlanganisa na wena, ku katsa ni adirese ya wena, nomboro ya riqingho na adirese ya imeyili; (4) xitiviso xa wena xa leswaku u ni ripfumelo ra leswaku leswi nga endzeni hi ndlela leyi ku vilelaka ha yona a swi pfumeleriwanga hi n'wini wa mfanelo ya ku tsala, kumbe muyimeri wa yena, kumbe hi ku tirha ka nawu wihi na wihi; "]
['(5) xitiyisiso xa wena, lexi sayiniweke ehansi ka nxupulo wa ku hemba, xa leswaku mahungu lama nga eka xitiviso i ntiyiso ni leswaku u na matimba yo tirhisa timfanelo ta vuqambi leti ku vuriwaka leswaku ti tluriwile;']
["na (6) ku sayina ka xiviri kumbe ka elektroniki ka n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi kumbe munhu la pfumeleriweke ku endla hi vito ra n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi. "]
['Loko u nga nghenisi vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi nga laha henhla swi nga endla leswaku ku tirhana ni xivilelo xa wena swi hlwela.']
['Ku Tihlanganisa']
['Hi kombela u hi rhumela imeyili hi xivutiso/xiringanyeto xihi na xihi.']
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
The risk factors for lung cancer include:
1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.
5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.
7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.
8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.
11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.
12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.
13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.
However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.
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