Pathophysiology ya khensa ya mahahu yi vula ku cinca ka fambiselo ra ntumbuluko ni tindlela leti humelelaka eka ku kula ni ku nyanya ka khensa ya mahahu.
Khensa ya mahahu i vuvabyi lebyi rharhanganeke lebyi vangiwaka hi ku kula ni ku avana loku nga lawulekiki ka tisele leti nga riki enawini emahahwini.
Tisele leti ti nga vumba tshumba kutani ti hangalaka ti ya eka swirho swin'wana swa miri, leswi vangaka swikombiso ni swiphiqo swo hambana-hambana.
Pathophysiology ya khensa ya mahahu yi katsa swilo swo hlayanyana, ku katsa ni ku cinca ka switekela, swilo swa mbango ni ndlela leyi munhu a hanyaka ha yona.
Ku cinca ka switekela ku nga humelela eka DNA ya tisele ta mahahu, leswi endlaka leswaku tisele ti kula ti tlhela ti avana hi ndlela leyi nga lawulekiki.
Ku cinca loku ku nga ha va ku tekeriwe eka vatswari kumbe ku va kona loko munhu a ha ri ntsongo, naswona ku nga ha vangiwa hi ku va munhu a ri ekusuhi ni swilo leswi vangaka khensa, swo tanihi musi wa fole, radon, asbestos ni nthyakiso wa moya.
Khensa ya mahahu yi nga avanyisiwa hi tinxaka timbirhi letikulu: khensa ya mahahu ya tisele letintsongo (SCLC) na khensa ya mahahu leyi nga riki ya tisele letintsongo (NSCLC). NSCLC yi tlhela yi avanyisiwa hi tinxaka tinharhu: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, na khensa ya tisele letikulu.
Pathophysiology ya tinxaka leti ta khensa ya mahahu yi nga hambana, tanihi leswi ti nga ni ku cinca ka xitekela loku hambaneke naswona ti angulaka hi ndlela leyi hambaneke eka vutshunguri.
Pathophysiology ya khensa ya mahahu yi katsa ku tirhisana exikarhi ka tisele ta khensa ni tisele leti nga ekusuhi na yona, ku katsa ni fambiselo ra nsawutiso.
Tisele ta khensa ti nga balekela fambiselo ra nsawutiso, leswi endlaka leswaku ti kula ni ku hangalaka handle ko lawuriwa.
Ku engetela kwalaho, ndhawu leyi nga ni tshumba yi nga endla leswaku tshumba ri kula kahle ni ku hangalaka hi ku endla leswaku tisele ta khensa ti kota ku hanya eka yona.
Pathophysiology ya khensa ya mahahu i fambiselo ro rharhangana ni leri nga cincacinciki, naswona valavisisi va ya emahlweni va ringeta ku twisisa fambiselo leri leswaku va ta kota ku endla vutshunguri lebyi tirhaka swinene ni ku antswisa vuyelo bya vavabyi.
Li Z, Qian Y, Li W, Liu L, Yu L, Liu X, Wu G, Wang Y, Luo W, Fang F, Liu Y, Song F, Cai Z, Chen W, Huang W: Human Lung Adenocarcinoma-Derived Organoid Models for Drug Screening. iScience. 2020, 23 (8): 101411.
Nurwidya F, Syahruddin E, Yunus F: Pain management in lung cancer. Adv Respir Med. 2016, 84 (6): 331-336.
Khan KA, Kennedy MP, Moore E, Crush L, Prendeville S, Maher MM, Burke L, Henry MT: Radiological characteristics, histological features and clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients with coexistent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lung. 2015, 193 (1): 71-7.
Paramanantham A, Asfiya R, Das S, McCully G, Srivastava A: Extracellular Vesicle (EVs) Associated Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23 (21): .
Lee D, Kim Y, Chung C: Scientific Validation and Clinical Application of Lung Cancer Organoids. Cells. 2021, 10 (11): .
Mucchietto V, Crespi A, Fasoli F, Clementi F, Gotti C: Neuronal Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors as New Targets for Lung Cancer Treatment. Curr Pharm Des. 2016, 22 (14): 2160-9.
['Xihlambanyo xa vutihlamuleri: swa vutshunguri']
['Website leyi yi endleriwe ku dyondzisa ni ku nyika rungula ntsena naswona a yi nyiki switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe mintirho ya vativi va swa vutshunguri.']
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['Xiya leswaku ndlela leyi ti-neural net ti hlamulaka swivutiso ha yona a yi pakanisi ngopfu loko ku vulavuriwa hi tinomboro, to tanihi nhlayo ya vanhu lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi byo karhi.']
["Minkarhi hinkwayo kombela xitsundzuxo eka dokodela wa wena kumbe eka muongori la fanelekaka malunghana ni xiyimo xa rihanyo ra wena. U nga tshuki u honisa xitsundzuxo xa dokodela kumbe u hlwela ku xi lava hikwalaho ka leswi u swi hlayeke eka website leyi. Loko u ehleketa leswaku u le xiyin'weni xa xihatla xa rihanyo, bela riqingho eka 911 kumbe u ya ekamareni ra xihatla leri nga ekusuhi na wena hi ku hatlisa. A ku na vuxaka bya dokodela ni muvabyi lebyi tumbuluxiweke hi website leyi kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka yona. BioMedLib kumbe vatirhi va yona, kumbe un'wana ni un'wana la hoxaka xandla eka website leyi, a nga endli switiyisekiso, leswi nga erivaleni kumbe leswi nga erivaleni, malunghana ni rungula leri nga laha kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka rona."]
['Ku ala ku byarha vutihlamuleri: mfanelo yo tsala']
['Nawu wa Digital Millennium Copyright Act wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) wu nyika tindlela ta ku tihlanganisa na vini va timfanelo ta vuhleri lava va tshembaka leswaku swilo leswi humelelaka eka Internet swi tlula timfanelo ta vona ehansi ka nawu wa vuhleri wa U.S.']
['Loko u tshemba leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi kumekaka eka website ya hina kumbe eka mintirho ya hina swi tlula mfanelo ya wena yo endla swilo, wena (kumbe muyimeri wa wena) u nga hi rhumela xitiviso u kombela leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi swi susiwa kumbe swi siveriwa.']
['Switiviso swi fanele ku rhumeriwa hi ku tsala hi imeyili (languta eka xiyenge xa "Vuxaka" eka adirese ya imeyili).']
["DMCA yi lava leswaku xitiviso xa wena xa ku tlula nawu wa mfanelo ya ku tsala xi katsa mahungu lawa landzelaka: (1) nhlamuselo ya ntirho lowu nga na mfanelo ya ku tsala lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu tluriwile; (2) nhlamuselo ya leswi ku vuriwaka leswaku swi tlula nawu wa ku tsala ni mahungu lama ringaneke ku hi pfumelela ku kuma leswi nga endzeni; (3) mahungu ya ku tihlanganisa na wena, ku katsa ni adirese ya wena, nomboro ya riqingho na adirese ya imeyili; (4) xitiviso xa wena xa leswaku u ni ripfumelo ra leswaku leswi nga endzeni hi ndlela leyi ku vilelaka ha yona a swi pfumeleriwanga hi n'wini wa mfanelo ya ku tsala, kumbe muyimeri wa yena, kumbe hi ku tirha ka nawu wihi na wihi; "]
['(5) xitiyisiso xa wena, lexi sayiniweke ehansi ka nxupulo wa ku hemba, xa leswaku mahungu lama nga eka xitiviso i ntiyiso ni leswaku u na matimba yo tirhisa timfanelo ta vuqambi leti ku vuriwaka leswaku ti tluriwile;']
["na (6) ku sayina ka xiviri kumbe ka elektroniki ka n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi kumbe munhu la pfumeleriweke ku endla hi vito ra n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi. "]
['Loko u nga nghenisi vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi nga laha henhla swi nga endla leswaku ku tirhana ni xivilelo xa wena swi hlwela.']
['Ku Tihlanganisa']
['Hi kombela u hi rhumela imeyili hi xivutiso/xiringanyeto xihi na xihi.']
What is pathophysiology of lung cancer?
The pathophysiology of lung cancer refers to the changes in the normal physiological processes and mechanisms that occur in the development and progression of lung cancer.
Lung cancer is a complex disease that arises from the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the lungs.
These cells can form tumors and spread to other parts of the body, leading to various symptoms and complications.
The pathophysiology of lung cancer involves several factors, including genetic mutations, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Genetic mutations can occur in the DNA of lung cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division.
These mutations can be inherited or acquired, and they can be caused by exposure to carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radon, asbestos, and air pollution.
Lung cancer can be classified into two main types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC is further divided into three subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
The pathophysiology of these types of lung cancer can differ, as they have different genetic mutations and respond differently to treatment.
The pathophysiology of lung cancer also involves the interaction between cancer cells and the surrounding tissue, including the immune system.
Cancer cells can evade the immune system, allowing them to grow and spread unchecked.
Additionally, the tumor microenvironment can promote tumor growth and metastasis by providing a supportive environment for cancer cells.
The pathophysiology of lung cancer is a complex and dynamic process, and researchers are continuously working to better understand the underlying mechanisms to develop more effective treatments and improve patient outcomes.
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