Kasi munthu wangamanya wuli kuti wali na kansa ya prostate?
Para munthu wali na kansa ya prostate ŵakumuyezga na nthowa zakupambanapambana, nga ni izi:
1. Dokotala wakunjira na munwe mu malo ghakubisika kuti wawone usange muli suzgo.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Iyi ni nthowa yakuyezgera ndopa iyo yikovwira kumanya unandi wa pulotini ya PSA iyo yikufuma mu prostate gland.
Para PSA njakukhira, cikulongora kuti munthu wali na kansa ya prostate.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Para munthu wafika pa malo agha, ŵakumuŵika kachipimo mu rectum kuti ŵajambure chithuzi cha prostate.
Ivi vingawovwira kumanya usange muli suzgo linyake mu prostate.
4. Kupima thupi: Ŵakufumiskamo tunthu tuchoko waka mu prostate na kutisanda na microscope kuti ŵawone usange muli maselo gha kansa.
Iyi ndiyo nthowa yekha yakumanyira kuti munthu wali na kansa ya prostate.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Para munthu wapima prostate na MRI wangamanya usange pali suzgo ndipo wangasankha umo wangacitira.
6. Kupima umo thupi la munthu liliri: Ŵadokotala ŵanyake ŵakuyezga umo thupi la munthu liliri kuti ŵawone usange munthu wali na kansa panji yayi.
7. Kuwona viwangwa: Ŵangawona viwangwa kuti ŵawone usange kansa yasanuzgikira ku viwangwa.
8. CT scan: CT scan yingawovwira kumanya usange kansa yasanuzgikira ku viŵaro vinyake.
Cakuzirwa nchakuti ŵanalume wose yayi awo ŵali na PSA yikuru panji awo DRE yawo njambura kwenelera ndiwo ŵali na kansa ya prostate.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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