Kasi ni vinthu wuli ivyo vingapangiska munthu kuŵa na kansa ya ku maphapu?
Vinyake ivyo vingapangiska kansa ya maphapu ni ivi:
1. Kukhweŵa hona: Kukhweŵa hona ndiko kukwambiska kansa ya ku maphapu.
Para munthu wakukhweŵa ndudu zinandi pa zuŵa ndiposo kwa vilimika vinandi, ngozi iyi yikusazgikira.
2. Para munthu wakukhweŵa: Para munthu uyo wakukhweŵa yayi wakukhweŵa josi la hona, wangakoleka na kansa ya ku maphapu.
3. Mpweya wa radon: Para munthu wakukhala mu malo agho muli mphepo ya radon, wangakoleka na kansa ya ku maphapu.
4. Asbestos na vinthu vinyake ivyo vikupangiska kansa: Asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, na vinthu vinyake vingapangiska kansa ya maphapu.
5. Kunangika kwa mphepo: Para munthu wakukhala nyengo yitali mu malo agho kuli mphepo ziheni, comenecomene mu misumba, wangakoleka na kansa ya ku maphapu.
6. Mbiri ya mbumba: Usange mu mbumba muli munthu uyo wali na kansa ya ku maphapu, wangaŵa pangozi comene.
7. Munthu uyo wali na nthenda ya maphapu: Ŵanthu awo ŵali na nthenda ya maphapu nga ni nthenda ya chikhoso panji TB, ŵangakoleka na kansa ya maphapu.
8. Unandi wa vilimika: Para munthu wakukura, wangakoleka na kansa ya ku maphapu, comenecomene para wakwaniska vyaka 65.
9. Mwanalume panji mwanakazi: Ŵanalume ndiwo ŵakusuzgika comene na kansa ya ku maphapu kuluska ŵanakazi.
10. Kuthyapulika kwa mphepo: Para munthu wakathyapulika kale mphepo pa nthumbo cifukwa ca kansa yinyake, wangaŵa na kansa ya ku maphapu.
11. Vyakurya: Para munthu wakurya vyakurya vyambura kupambika vipambi vinandi panji vyambura kupambika mphangwe, wangakoleka na kansa ya ku maphapu.
12. Kumwa Mowa: Kumwa comene moŵa kungasazgirako ulwari wa kansa ya ku maphapu.
13. Vinthu ivyo munthu wali kuhara: Vinthu vinyake ivyo munthu wali kuhara vingapangiska kuti waŵe na kansa ya ku maphapu.
Ntchakuzirwa kumanya kuti para munthu wali na chimoza panji vinandi mwa vinthu ivi, chikung'anamura kuti wali na kansa yayi.
Ndipouli, para munthu wakuchepeska panji kugega vinthu ivi, wangaŵa na kansa ya ku maphapu.
Jin YJ, Tang W, Huang Y, Wang JW, Hou DH, Qi LL, Zhao SJ, Wu N: [Risk factors for lung cancer based on low-dose computed tomography screening]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020, 42 (3): 222-227.
Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.
Zhou X, Hu J, Zhang C, Zhan Y, Song Y, Fan W, Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu D, Li F, Li D, Nie R: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12 (1): 57-65.
Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.
Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P: Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2013, 3 (4): 235-44.
Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, Tsang KW, Chau WS, Chiu SW, Ip MS, Lam WK: Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer. 2003, 40 (2): 131-40.
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What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
The risk factors for lung cancer include:
1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.
5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.
7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.
8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.
11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.
12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.
13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.
However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.
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