Urticaria, a wɔsan frɛ no nsamanwaw, yɛ honam ani yare a ɛma honam ani kɔkɔɔ, a ɛyɛ yaw, na ɛhonhon.
Nneɛma pii na ebetumi ama obi anya yare no bi, te sɛ atiridii, nsanyare, ne nnuru bi.
Sɛ obi nya nsamanwaw a, ɛsɛ sɛ ohu ne yare ho nsɛm, ɔhwehwɛ ne nipadua mu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ayaresabea.
1. Yare a obi anya: Oduruyɛfo no bebisa ɔyarefo no yare a wanya ho nsɛm, a nea ɔyare a ɔtaa nya, yare a wanya nnansa yi, ne nnuru a ɔnom ka ho.
Wobisa wo nso bere a ɛfii ase, bere tenten a ɛdii, ne nea ɛma ɛfii ase.
2. Ayaresa mu nhwehwɛmu: Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ sɛ ebia akuru no bi wɔ ne ho anaa, ne kɛse te dɛn, na ɛtrɛw fa baabiara anaa.
Wobetumi ahwehwɛ nneɛma foforo a ebetumi ama wo bo afuw te sɛ anim, ano, anaa tɛkrɛma a ayɛ wusiwusi nso.
3. Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, oduruyɛfo no betumi ama wɔayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛ ebia obi nya yare bi a ɛhaw no anaa wanya nsanyare bi a.
Wotumi yɛ honam mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ nea wɔde dua mu sɔ hwɛ anaa nea wɔde ade bi hyɛ honam no mu hwɛ de hu nneɛma pɔtee a ɛma obi nya yare no.
4. Aduan a Ɛma Obi Nya Aduan Ho Nkate a Ɔhwɛ: Sɛ oduruyɛfo no susuw sɛ obi anya aduan ho nkate a ɛmma onnya aduan ho nkate a ɔhwɛ no a, obetumi de ɔyarefo no akɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ aduan ho nkate a ɛmma onnya aduan ho nkate a ɔhwɛ no hɔ ma wɔayɛ no nhwehwɛmu akɔ akyiri.
Eyi betumi ayɛ honam mu nhwehwɛmu, nea wɔde ade bi si honam no ani so, anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu nneɛma pɔtee a ɛma obi nya yare no.
5. Nsonsonoe a ɛda yare no ne afoforo no mu: Oduruyɛfo no besusuw nneɛma foforo a ebetumi ama yare no ho nsɛnkyerɛnne no ada adi, te sɛ honam ani nyarewa foforo anaa yare foforo a ɛwɔ hɔ, na ebia ɔbɛma wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de ayi eyi afi hɔ.
6. Nea ɛma obi nya saa yare no: Sɛ ɔyare no fi biribi te sɛ ɔhyew, awɔw, anaa nhyɛso a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ biribi de ahu sɛ ɛyɛ yare no ankasa.
Sɛ obi nya yare no bi a, ɔde ne ho hyɛ biribi a ɛte sɛ nea ɛde yare no ba mu hwɛ sɛ ɛbɛhaw no anaa.
7. Akwaa a nipadua no ankasa ko tia nyarewa mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ obi nya ntontom a enni sabea a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ama wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahwɛ sɛ ebia ɔyare no bi wɔ ne nipadua no ankasa mu anaa, efisɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa yare no na ɛde ba.
8. Mfonini a wɔde hwɛ yare: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu bi te sɛ X-ray anaa CT scan de ahu sɛ yare foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama yare no ayɛ wo saa.
Ne nyinaa mu no, sɛ obi betumi ahu sɛ wanya urticaria a, ɛsɛ sɛ ohu ne yare ho nsɛm, ɔhwehwɛ ne nipadua mu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ayaresabea.
Nea enti a wɔyɛ saa ne sɛ wobehu nea ɛde yare no ba na wɔahu ayaresa a eye ma ɔyarefo no.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Nsɛm a Ɛnsɛ sɛ Wɔka:']
['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ afoforo, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde rema aduruyɛ ho afotu anaa wɔde rema adwuma.']
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['Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo duruyɛfo anaa ɔyaresafo foforo a ɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yare bi ho. Nnya adwene sɛ wo nsa bɛka oduruyɛfo afotu anaasɛ wubetwa so esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wo ho behia wo wɔ ayaresa mu a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo paa ntɛm ara.']
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['(5) wo nsahyɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode nea wɔkyerɛ sɛ woadi ho dwuma no bedi dwuma; ']
['ne (6) nea ɔwɔ tumi sɛ ɔyɛ biribi ma obi a ɔwɔ tumi sɛ ɔyɛ biribi ma no no nsaano nkyerɛwee.']
['Sɛ woamfa nsɛm a yɛaka yi nyinaa anka ho a, ebetumi ama wo ka no akyɛ.']
['Nkitahodi']
['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara a wowɔ brɛ yɛn wɔ e-mail so.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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