El cancro deła prostata vien diagnosticà co na conbinasion de prove e procedure, che łe pol includer:
1. Esame retal digitale (DRE): Un dotor mete un dito guantà e lubrificà nel retto pa sentir se ghe xe qualche anormałità neła prostata.
2. Pròstato-Specifico Antigene (PSA) Test: xe un esame del sangue che misura el liveło de PSA, na proteina prodota dała prostata.
I livełi elevai de PSA i pol indicar ła prexensa de cancro ała prostata.
3. Ultrasound transretal (TRUS): Na picoła sonda vien inserìa nel retto pa crear un'imaxene deła prostata usando onde sonore.
Questo pol aiutar a identificar eventuałi anomalie neła prostata.
4. Biopsia: un pìcoło campion de tesùo de prostata el vien tolto e esaminà col microscopio par vedar se ghe xe cellule cancerose.
Questo xe l'unico modo definitivo pa diagnosticar el cancro ała prostata.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Na scansion MRI dea prostata pol jutar a identificar eventuałi anomalie e guidar a procedura de biopsia.
6. Test genomici: Alcuni dotori i pol usar test genomici pa jutar a determinar l'agressività del cancro e pa guidar łe decixion sul tratamento.
7. Scansione ossea: pol esar fata na scansion ossea pa controłar se el cancro se ga sparso nełe ossa.
8. Tomografia Computerixada (TC): Na TAC pol esar usà pa controłar se el cancro se ga sparso in altri organi o tessudi.
Xe importante notare che no tuti i òmeni co livelli elevai de PSA o risultati anormali del DRE gavarà cancro ała prostata, e no tuti i cancri ała prostata causa livelli elevai de PSA.
Quindi xe necessaria na biopsia pa confermar a diagnosi.
Inoltre, ła decixion de farse na biopsia ła vien fata dopo aver considerà i risultati de'sti test e i fattori de riscio e łe preferense de l'individuo.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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