Ghe xe diversi fatori de riscio pa'l cancro al seno, alcuni dei quałi xe modificabiłi e altri no.
Qua xe alcuni dei più comuni fatori de riscio:
1. Età: El riscio de ciapar el cancro al seno el aumenta co l'età, e ła major parte dei casi i capita ałe done sora i 50 anni.
2. Storia faméja: Aver un parente visin, come na mama, na sorèła o na fiòła, col cancro al seno aumenta el ris-cio.
3. Mutasioni genetiche: Serte mutasioni genetiche ereditarie, come BRCA1 e BRCA2, aumenta el riscio de sviluppàr cancro al seno.
4. Storia riprodutiva: menarche (inisio dełe mestruazioni) presto, menopausa tardiva e no aver fioi o aver el primo fiòło dopo i 30 anni pol aumentar el ris'cio.
5. Terapia de sostitusión ormonale: L'uso a longo termine de terapia ormonale combinada de estrogeni e progesterone dopo a menopausa pol aumentar el ris-cio.
6. Consumo de alcol: Bevar alcol aumenta el riscio de cancro al seno.
7. Obesità: Esar massa grassi o obesi aumenta el riscio, specialmente dopo a menopausa.
8. Atività fisica: A mancansa de atività fisica pol aumentar el riscio.
9. Esposisión ałe radiassión: L'esposisión a dosi alte de radiassión, specialmente durante l'infansa, pol aumentar el riscio.
10. Densità del seno: Łe done co el seno denso łe ga un riscio pì alto de ciapar el cancro al seno.
11. Storia menstruałe: Łe done che ga scominsià a menstruar presto (prima dei 12 anni) o che ga passà a menopausa tardi (dopo i 55 anni) łe ga un riscio un fià pì alto.
12. L'allatamento al seno: Łe done che no ga mai allatà al seno ga un riscio un fià pì alto de ciapar el cancro al seno.
Xe importante ricordar che aver uno o pì fatori de riscio no vol dir che na persona gavarà sicuramente un cancro al seno e no aver fatori de riscio no vol dir che na persona no gavarà un cancro al seno.
Comunque, capir sti fatori de riscio pol jutar i individui a far decixion informade suła so salute e potenzialmente ridur el riscio.
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Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
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