What causes Breast cancer?

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza wamabele?

Akukho sizathu sinye sokuphuhliswa komhlaza wamabele, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo.

Ezinye zezi zinto ziquka:

1. Ubudala: Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele uyanda njengoko ibhinqa lisaluphala.

2. Imbali yentsapho: Umfazi usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamabele ukuba unesalamane esisondeleyo (umama, udade wabo, okanye intombi) ebikhe yanomhlaza wamabele.

3. Ukutshintsha kwemizila yemfuza: Ukutshintsha kwemizila yemfuza ethile, njengeBRCA1 neBRCA2, kwandisa amathuba okuba nomhlaza wamabele.

4. Imbali yokuzala: Ukuba sexesheni ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni emva kwexesha, nokungabi nabantwana okanye ukuba nomntwana wokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala kunokuyandisa ingozi yokuba nomhlaza wamabele.

5. Unyango oluthabathel' indawo ihormone: Amabhinqa asebenzisa unyango oluthabathel' indawo ihormone xa eyeka ukuya exesheni asengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamabele.

6. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kwandisa amathuba okuba nomhlaza wamabele.

7. Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo: Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kwandisa amathuba okuba nomhlaza wamabele.

8. Ukungawenzi umthambo: Ukuhlala phantsi kunokubangela umhlaza wamabele.

9. Ukuchanabeka kwimitha: Ukuchanabeka kwimitha emikhulu, ngokukodwa ebudeni bobuntwana, kunokwandisa ingozi yomhlaza wamabele.

10. Ubunzima bamabele: Amabhinqa anamabele amakhulu asengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamabele.

11. Imbali yokuya exesheni: Amabhinqa aqalisa ukuya exesheni ngaphambi kwexesha okanye aphelelwa exesheni emva kwexesha anamathuba amaninzi okuhlaselwa ngumhlaza wamabele.

12. Ukuncancisa: Amabhinqa angazange ancancise ayesengozini enkulu yomhlaza wamabele.

13. Ukulawula inzala: Amabhinqa asebenzisa izinto zokuthintela inzala ngomlomo asengozini engakumbi yomhlaza wamabele.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuba nomnye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zenza ukuba umntu abe nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba umfazi uza kuba nomhlaza wamabele, kwaye uninzi lwabasetyhini abanomhlaza wamabele abanazo izinto zenza ukuba babe nomngcipheko.

Ukongezelela, ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukuba umntu abe sesichengeni sokufa, njengobudala okanye imbali yentsapho, azinakutshintshwa, ngoxa ezinye, njengendlela yokuphila, zinokuncitshiswa.

['Iimbekiselo']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Yoneda T: Cellular and molecular basis of preferential metastasis of breast cancer to bone. J Orthop Sci. 2000, 5 (1): 75-81.

Demirci S, Eser E, Ozsaran Z, Tankisi D, Aras AB, Ozaydemir G, Anacak Y: Validation of the Turkish versions of EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23 modules in breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011, 12 (5): 1283-7.

Kluttig A, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A: Established and Suspected Risk Factors in Breast Cancer Aetiology. Breast Care (Basel). , 4 (2): 82-87.

Tabar L, Duffy SW, Yen MF, Warwick J, Vitak B, Chen HH, Smith RA: All-cause mortality among breast cancer patients in a screening trial: support for breast cancer mortality as an end point. J Med Screen. 2002, 9 (4): 159-62.

Gonzalez P, Lim JW, Wang-Letzkus M, Flores KF, Allen KM, Castañeda SF, Talavera GA: Breast Cancer Cause Beliefs: Chinese, Korean, and Mexican American Breast Cancer Survivors. West J Nurs Res. 2015, 37 (8): 1081-99.

['Ukuzikhusela: unyango']

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['Inkcazelo enikelweyo ayifanele isetyenziselwe ukuxilonga okanye ukunyanga ingxaki yempilo okanye isifo, yaye abo bafuna icebiso lonyango lobuqu bafanele babonane nogqirha onelayisensi.']

['Nceda uqaphele ukuba inethiwekhi ye-neural eyenza iimpendulo kwimibuzo, ayichanekanga xa kufikwa kumxholo wenani. Umzekelo, inani labantu abafunyaniswe benesifo esithile.']

['Soloko ucela icebiso kugqirha wakho okanye komnye umboneleli wezempilo ofanelekileyo malunga nemeko yakho yezonyango. Ungaze ungayihoyi ingcebiso yezonyango okanye ulibazise ukufuna ngenxa yento oyifunde kule webhusayithi. Ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki yezonyango, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Akukho buhlobo bukagqirha nomguli obudalwa yile webhusayithi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo. I-BioMedLib okanye abasebenzi bayo, okanye nabani na onegalelo kule webhusayithi, abenzi zimelo, ngokucacileyo okanye ngokungangqalanga, ngokubhekisele kulwazi olunikezwe apha okanye ekusetyenzisweni kwalo.']

['Ukuzikhulula: ilungelo lokushicilela']

['Umthetho we-Digital Millennium Copyright ka-1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (i-DMCA) ubonelela ngeendlela zokubhena kubanini bamalungelo obunini abakholelwa ukuba izinto ezibonakala kwi-Intanethi ziphula amalungelo abo phantsi komthetho welungelo lokushicilela wase-US. ']

['Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba kukho umxholo okanye izinto ezenziwe zafumaneka kwi-website yethu okanye iinkonzo eziphula ilungelo lakho lokushicilela, wena (okanye iarhente yakho) ungathumela isaziso esicela ukuba umxholo okanye izinto zisuswe, okanye ukufikelela kuzo kuvalwe. ']

['Izaziso kufuneka zithunyelwe ngokubhaliweyo nge-imeyile (jonga kwicandelo elithi "Qhagamshelana" ukuze ufumane idilesi ye-imeyile).']

['I-DMCA ifuna ukuba isaziso sakho sokutyholwa ngokophula ilungelo lokushicilela siquke ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo: (1) inkcazelo yomsebenzi onelungelo lokushicilela ongundaba-mlonyeni wokutyholwa ngokophula; (2) inkcazelo yomxholo otyholwa ngokophula kunye nolwazi olwaneleyo ukusivumela ukuba sifumane umxholo; (3) iinkcukacha zokuqhagamshelana nawe, kuquka idilesi yakho, inombolo yomnxeba nedilesi ye-imeyile; (4) ingxelo yakho yokuba unokholo olulungileyo lokuba umxholo ngendlela ekhalazwa ngayo awugunyaziswanga ngumnini welungelo lokushicilela, okanye iarhente yakhe, okanye ngokusebenza kwawo nawuphi na umthetho; ']

['(5) ingxelo yakho, esayinwe phantsi kwesohlwayo sobuxoki, yokuba ulwazi olukwisibhengezo luchanekile kwaye unegunya lokunyanzelisa amalungelo okushicilela ekuthiwa aphulwe;']

['kwaye (6) utyikityo lomzimba okanye lwe-elektroniki lomnini welungelo lokushicilela okanye lomntu ogunyazisiweyo ukuba enze egameni lomnini welungelo lokushicilela. ']

['Ukungabandakanyi lonke ulwazi olungentla kungakhokelela ekulibaziseni ukuphathwa kwesikhalazo sakho.']

['Unxibelelwano']

['Nceda usithumelele i-imeyile ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo / iingcebiso.']

What causes breast cancer?

There is no single cause of breast cancer, but several factors can increase the risk of developing the disease.

Some of these factors include:

1. Age: The risk of breast cancer increases as a woman gets older.

2. Family history: A woman's risk of breast cancer is higher if she has a close relative (mother, sister, or daughter) who has had breast cancer.

3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of breast cancer.

4. Reproductive history: Early menstruation, late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk of breast cancer.

5. Hormone replacement therapy: Women who take hormone replacement therapy for menopause have a higher risk of breast cancer.

6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.

7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of breast cancer.

8. Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of breast cancer.

9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk of breast cancer.

10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of breast cancer.

11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early or went through menopause late have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.

12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.

13. Birth control: Women who use oral contraceptives have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.

It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean that a woman will definitely develop breast cancer, and many women who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors.

Additionally, some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, while others, such as lifestyle factors, can be modified to reduce the risk.

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