How is Alzheimer diagnosed?

Lalela leli khasi

Isifo i-Alzheimer sitholakala kanjani?

Isifo sika-Alzheimer sitholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuningiliziwe, ukuhlolwa kwengqondo nokwezinzwa, ukubukwa kobuchopho, nenqubo yokuqeda ezinye izimbangela ezingase zibe khona.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Udokotela uyokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi athathe umlando wezokwelapha oningiliziwe ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimbangela zokulahlekelwa inkumbulo noma ukwehla kwengqondo, njengezinkinga ze-thyroid, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, noma izimila zobuchopho.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo nokuziphatha kwengqondo: Lezi zivivinyo zihlola inkumbulo, ulimi, ukuxazulula izinkinga, neminye imisebenzi yokuqonda ukuze kunqunywe izinga lokukhubazeka kwengqondo futhi kuhlukaniswe phakathi kokulahlekelwa inkumbulo okujwayelekile okuhlobene nobudala nokuwohloka kwengqondo.

3. Ukuthwebula izithombe ebuchosheni: Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noma i-computed tomography (CT) kungasiza ekuboneni izinguquko zobuchopho ezingase zibonise isifo sika-Alzheimer.

I-positron emission tomography (PET) scans nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukukala amazinga amaprotheni athile ahlobene nesifo sika-Alzheimer.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthile kungasiza ekutholeni isifo sika-Alzheimer ngokukala amazinga amaprotheni athile noma ama-biomarker ahlobene nalesi sifo.

5. Inqubo yokukhipha: Njengoba ingekho isivivinyo esisodwa esiqinisekile sesifo sika-Alzheimer, ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zezimpawu ezifana nokuwohloka komqondo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukuxilongwa okuqondile kwesifo sika-Alzheimer kungenziwa kuphela ngemva kokufa ngokuhlolwa kwezicubu zobuchopho.

Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokuxilonga zamanje zinganikeza izinga eliphakeme lokuqiniseka kokuxilongwa komtholampilo ngenkathi umuntu esaphila.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuqale ukwelashwa futhi kuhlelwe ikusasa.

Izikhombo

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

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Rubin R: New Test to Help Diagnose Alzheimer Disease. JAMA. 2022, 327 (23): 2281.

[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2022, 90 (7-08): 326-335.

Kapp MB: Physicians' legal duties regarding the use of genetic tests to predict and diagnose Alzheimer disease. J Leg Med. 2000, 21 (4): 445-75.

Britschgi M, Wyss-Coray T: Blood protein signature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66 (2): 161-5.

Volicer L, Berman SA, Cipolloni PB, Mandell A: Persistent vegetative state in Alzheimer disease. Does it exist? Arch Neurol. 1997, 54 (11): 1382-4.

Imabayashi E, Saitoh Y, Tsukamoto T, Sakata M, Takano H: Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18 F-THK5351. Clin Nucl Med. 2022, 47 (12): 1066-1068.

Martínez A, Lahiri DK, Giacobini E, Greig NH: Advances in Alzheimer therapy: understanding pharmacological approaches to the disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009, 6 (2): 83-5.

Ukuzikhulula: kwezokwelapha

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Othintana naye

Sicela usithumelele i-imeyili nganoma yimiphi imibuzo / iziphakamiso.

How is alzheimer diagnosed?

Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a thorough medical evaluation, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and the process of elimination of other possible causes.

1. Medical evaluation: A doctor will perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible causes of memory loss or cognitive decline, such as thyroid problems, vitamin deficiencies, or brain tumors.

2. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: These tests assess memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive functions to determine the extent of cognitive impairment and to differentiate between normal age-related memory loss and dementia.

3. Brain imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify structural changes in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer's disease.

Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can also be used to measure the levels of certain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.

4. Blood tests: Recent research has shown that certain blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease by measuring the levels of specific proteins or biomarkers associated with the disease.

5. Process of elimination: Since there is no single definitive test for Alzheimer's disease, diagnosis often involves ruling out other possible causes of dementia-like symptoms.

It is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after death through an examination of brain tissue.

However, current diagnostic methods can provide a high level of certainty for a clinical diagnosis while the person is still alive.

Early diagnosis is important for starting treatment and planning for the future.

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