How is Colon cancer diagnosed?

Lalela leli khasi

Kutholakala kanjani umdlavuza wamathumbu?

Umdlavuza wamathumbu utholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa nezinqubo, ezingase zihlanganise:

1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uyokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuze ahlole ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle noma izimpawu zesifo.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle egazini okungase kubonise ukuba khona komdlavuza.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwesitho sangasese: Ukuhlolwa kwesitho sangasese kungabonisa ukuba khona kwegazi esitho sangasese, okungase kube uphawu lomdlavuza wamathumbu.

4. I-colonoscopy: Lena inqubo lapho kufakwa khona ishubhu elincanyana, eliguquguqukayo elinokukhanya nekhamera ekugcineni ku-rectum ukuze kuhlolwe i-colon.

Phakathi ne-colonoscopy, udokotela angase futhi athathe amasampula ezicubu (ama-biopsy) ukuze ahlolwe ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

5. I-sigmoidoscopy: Ngokufana ne-colonoscopy, i-sigmoidoscopy ihlola ingxenye engezansi yamathumbu.

6. I-virtual colonoscopy: Lena i-CT scan ye-colon edala isithombe esingu-3D se-colon ne-rectum.

7. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe endle: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuba khona kwegazi endle, okungase kubonise ukuba khona komdlavuza.

8. I - double-contrast barium enema: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwe - x-ray kwesibindi nesibindi, lapho kusetshenziswa khona into ehlukile ukuze kuqokonyiswe noma yikuphi ukungajwayelekile.

9. I-biopsy: I-biopsy iwukukhishwa kwenani elincane lezicubu emathunjini ukuze kuhlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

10. Ukuhlolwa kwemifanekiso: Kungase kusetshenziswe i-CT scans, i-MRI scans, nama-x-rays esifubeni ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba yini.

Lapho sekutholakale umdlavuza wamathumbu, udokotela uzonquma isigaba somdlavuza, okusiza ekunqumeni indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kusekelwe ngosayizi nendawo yesimila, kanye nokuthi sisakazekele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izikhombo

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.

Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.

Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.

Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.

Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.

Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.

Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.

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How is colon cancer diagnosed?

Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.

3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.

4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.

During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.

7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.

8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.

9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.

Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

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