Kanker prostat didiagnosis melalui kombinasi tes ngon prosedur, yang jeut mencakup:
1. Pemeriksaan Rektum Digital (DRE): Dokter peutamong jaroe nyang jimat sarung jaroe, dan dilumasi u dalam rektum untuk meurasa prostat na kelainan.
2. Tes Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): nyo adalah tes darah nyang ji uko tingkat PSA, protein nyang ji produksi le kelenjar prostat.
Tingkat PSA nyang ji ek jeut geu indikasi na kanker prostat.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Saboh probe ubit ji peutameng u dalam rektum untuk ji peuget gamba prostat nyang ji pakek gelombang su.
Nyo jeut membantu geuidentifikasi na kelainan bak kelenjar prostat.
4. Biopsi: Saboh sampel ubit jaringan prostat dicok dan diteuliti deungen mikroskop untuk na sel kanker.
Nyo keuh saboh-saboh jih cara definitif untuk didiagnosis kanker prostat.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Scan MRI prostat jeut membantu mengidentifikasi kelainan dan memandu prosedur biopsi.
6. Pengujian Genomik: Padum-padum droe dokter jeut geu pakek tes genomik untuk geubantu geu peuteunte tingkat agresif kanker ngon geu bimbeng keputusan perawatan.
7. Bone Scan: Scan tuleung jeut dilakukan untuk memeriksa peu kanker ka menyebar ke tuleung.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: CT scan jeut dipakek untuk geu cek peu kanker ka menyebar ke organ atau jaringan laen.
Penting untuk taingat bahwa ken mandum ureung agam yang na tingkat PSA yang tinggi atau hasil DRE yang abnormal akan na kanker prostat, dan ken mandum kanker prostat akan menyebabkan tingkat PSA yang tinggi.
Oleh karena nyan, biopsi perle untuk geu konfirmasi diagnosis.
Seulaen nyan, keputusan untuk menjalani biopsi dipeuget lheuh dipeutimbangkan hasee tes nyo dan faktor risiko dan pilihan individu.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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