Die patofisiologie van prostaatkanker verwys na die onderliggende meganismes en prosesse wat lei tot die ontwikkeling en progressie van die siekte.
Prostaatkanker is 'n kwaadaardige gewas wat voortspruit uit die selle van die prostaatklier, wat 'n klein, okkerneutvormige orgaan is wat by mans onder die blaas geleë is.
Die prostaatklier produseer seminale vloeistof, wat sperm voed en vervoer.
Die presiese oorsaak van prostaatkanker word nie ten volle verstaan nie, maar verskeie faktore is bekend wat die risiko om die siekte te ontwikkel, verhoog.
Dit sluit ouderdom, gesinsgeskiedenis, ras en sekere genetiese mutasies in.
Prostaatkanker kom meer gereeld voor by ouer mans, met die meerderheid gevalle by mans ouer as 65 jaar.
Daarbenewens loop mans met 'n gesinsgeskiedenis van prostaatkanker 'n verhoogde risiko, net soos Afro-Amerikaanse mans en mans van Karibiese afkoms.
Die patofisiologie van prostaatkanker behels die onbeheerde groei en verdeling van selle binne die prostaatklier.
Dit kan voorkom as gevolg van genetiese mutasies wat lei tot die oorexpressie van sekere groeifaktore of die inaktivering van tumoronderdrukkende gene.
Hierdie mutasies kan lei tot die ongereguleerde groei van selle, wat tot die vorming van 'n tumor lei.
Namate die gewas groei, kan dit nabygeleë weefsels en organe, soos die blaas, rektum en nabygeleë limfknope, binnedring.
In sommige gevalle kan kanker selle van die primêre gewas losbreek en deur die bloedstroom of limfesisteem na ander dele van die liggaam versprei, 'n proses wat bekend staan as metastase.
Sodra die kanker versprei het, kan dit moeiliker wees om dit te behandel.
Prostaatkanker kan ook beïnvloed word deur hormonale faktore, veral die androgeenhormoon testosteroon.
Testosteroon kan die groei van prostaatkanker selle stimuleer, en baie behandelings vir prostaatkanker het ten doel om die vlakke van hierdie hormoon te verminder of die effekte daarvan te blokkeer.
Samevattend behels die patofisiologie van prostaatkanker die onbeheerde groei en verdeling van selle binne die prostaatklier, wat deur genetiese, hormonale en omgewingsfaktore beïnvloed kan word.
Die begrip van die onderliggende meganismes van die siekte is van kardinale belang vir die ontwikkeling van effektiewe behandelings en die verbetering van uitkomste vir pasiënte met prostaatkanker.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
Verwerping van verantwoordelikheid: mediese
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Die inligting wat verskaf word, moet nie gebruik word om 'n gesondheidsprobleem of siekte te diagnoseer of te behandel nie, en diegene wat persoonlike mediese advies soek, moet 'n gelisensieerde dokter raadpleeg.
Let asseblief daarop dat die neurale netwerk wat antwoorde op die vrae genereer, veral onakkuraat is wanneer dit kom by numeriese inhoud. Byvoorbeeld, die aantal mense wat met 'n spesifieke siekte gediagnoseer is.
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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