What is pathophysiology of Heart attack?

['Tie saa kratafa yi']

Dɛn ne komayare ho yare a ɛde ba?

Yare a ɛma komayare ba, a wɔsan frɛ no myocardial infarction, no de mogya a ɛkɔ komayare no fã bi mu ba, na ɛma komayare nkwammoaa no wu.

Eyi taa si esiane mogya mmoawa a wɔaboaboa ano ama mogya ntini a ɛwɔ wo ntini mu asi no kwan nti, na mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ nea atherosclerosis, tebea a mogya ntini a ɛyɛ duru boaboa ano wɔ ntini mu de ba nti.

Nkyekyere no yɛ cholesterol, srade, nkwammoaa mu nneɛma a asɛe, calcium, ne fibrin.

Sɛ ntontom bi sɛe a, ebetumi ama mogya atɔre na asiw mogya ntini no kwan ma mogya a oxygen wom no ntumi nkɔ komayare no mu.

Saa mframa pa a wonnya no ma komayare nkwammoaa no wu, na ɛde komayare ba.

Sɛnea yare no mu yɛ den no gyina beae a mogya no fa so ne bere a etwaa mu ansa na wɔresiesie no so.

Nsεnkyerεne a εkyerε sε obi anya komayare no bi ne yaw anaa yawdi wɔ ne koko mu, n'ahome a εtɔ piti, abofono, ne yawdi wɔ ne nsa, ne kɔn, ne sεn mu, anaa ne akyi.

Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛka koma a ɛbɔ ho ayaresa ho ne sɛ wɔbɛma mogya asan akɔ koma no mu ntɛmntɛm sɛnea wobetumi, denam nnuru a wɔde di dwuma anaa akwan bi te sɛ angioplasty ne stenting anaa oprehyɛn a wɔde twa koma no ntini ho.

Ɛho hia sɛ wohyɛ no nsow sɛ komayare a ɛde komayare ba no mu dɔ na ɛfa nneɛma pii ho, a ebi ne awosu, asetena kwan ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia.

Nneɛma a etumi ma komayare ba no bi ne mogya mmoroso, mogya mu srade a ɛwɔ obi mu, sigaretnom, asikreyare, kɛseyɛ mmoroso, apɔwmuteɛteɛ a obi ntaa nyɛ, ne komayare a obi abusuafo taa nya.

Sɛ wusiw nneɛma a ebetumi ama woayare yi ano a, ebetumi aboa ma woayare koma.

['Nkrataa ahodoɔ a etwa sɛ yɛhyehyɛ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.

Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .

Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.

LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.

Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.

Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.

['Abɔdin: ayaresa']

['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔnka ho asɛm kɛkɛ, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde ayaresa ho afotu anaa adwumakuw bi mmoa rema.']

['Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ama no di dwuma de hwehwɛ yare anaa yare bi ho ayaresa, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ ayaresa ho afotu no ne oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa di nkitaho.']

['Yɛsrɛ wo hyɛ no nsow sɛ amemene no mu mfiri a ɛma nsɛmmisa ho mmuae no nyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ bere a ɛfa akontaahyɛde ho no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa dodow a wɔanya yare pɔtee bi.']

["Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo dɔkota anaa ayaresafo a wɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yareɛ ho. Nnyae ayaresa ho afotuo a wɔn a wɔn ho akokwaw de ma no ho adwenemu anaa twentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ worebɛhwehwɛ esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ ɛyɛ wo sɛ wowɔ yareɛ ho nsɛmmisa a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo pɛɛ ntɛm ara. Saa wɛbsaet yi anaa dwuma a wode di no mma wonnya oduruyɛfo ne ɔyarefo ayɔnkofa biara. BioMedLib anaa n'adwumayɛfoɔ anaa obiara a ɔde ne ho bɔ wɛbsaet yi ho dawuro biara nni mu, a ɛkyerɛ anaa enni mu, fa nsɛm a wɔde ama wɔ ha anaa dwuma a wɔde di no ho."]

['Disclaimer: copyright']

["Digital Millennium Copyright Act a w'atwe no afe 1998 wɔ U.S. Mmara 17 § 512 (DMCA) no ma wɔn a w'wɔ tumi sɛ wɔtwe wɔn ho fi nneɛma a wɔde agu intanɛt so ho kwan."]

['Sɛ wogye di sɛ wo nsɛm anaa nneɛma bi a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet anaa yɛn dwumadie mu no to wo mmara a woahyehyɛ no so a, wo (anaa wo dwumadifoɔ) bɛtumi de nkaebɔ ama yɛn de apɛ sɛ yɛyi nsɛm anaa nneɛma no firi hɔ anaa yɛsi ho kwan.']

["Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nkaebɔ fa e-mail so kɔma wɔn (hwɛ 'Contact' section ma e-mail address)."]

['DMCA hwehwɛ sɛ wo dawurubɔ a ɛfa mmara a obi abu so ho no de nsɛm a edidi so yi ka ho: (1) nkyerɛwde a ɛkyerɛ adwuma a mmara bɔ ho ban a obi abu so no; (2) nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ obi abu so no ne ɛho nsɛm a ɛfata a ɛbɛma yɛahunu faako a saa nsɛm no wɔ; (3) wo nkitahodi ho nsɛm, a wo address, fon number ne email ka ho; (4) krataa a woakyerɛ sɛ wowɔ gyidie pa sɛ nea woabɔ ho dawuru no nni mmara no wura anaa nea ɔhwɛ so anaa mmara biara tumi mu.']

['(5) sɛ wo de wo nsa ahyɛ krataa ase, na wohyɛ sɛ wobedi atoro, sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ krataa no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka nneɛma a obi akyerɛw abrɛ wo ase no;']

["و (6) physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf."]

['Sɛ woantwerɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ soro yi nyinaa amfiri wo nkrataa no mu a, ɛbɛtumi ama wo kyɛfa no akyɛ.']

['Nkitahodi']

['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara fa e-mail so brɛ yɛn.']

What is pathophysiology of heart attack?

The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.

This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.

The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.

When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.

This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.

The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.

Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.

Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.

It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.

Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.

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