Kanker payudara didiagnosis melalui kombinasi tes wan prosedur, nang mungkin termasuk:
1. Pemeriksaan payudara klinis: Seorang profesional kesehatan akan memeriksa payudara apakah ada benjolan, perubahan ukuran atau bentuk, atau kelainan lainnya.
2. Mammogram: Sinar-X payudara nang kawa mendeteksi kelainan bahkan sebelum dirasakan.
3. USG: Tes nang memakai gelombang suara gasan meulah gambar jaringan payudara, nang kawa membantu menentukan apakah benjolan itu padat atau diisi cairan.
4. MRI: Imaging resonansi magnetik (MRI) scan memakai medan magnetik dan gelombang radio gasan meulah gambar rinci jaringan payudara.
5. Biopsi: Sabuah sampel halus jaringan payudara diambil wan dipariksa di bawah mikroskop gasan manantuakan apakah ada sel kanker.
6. Tes darah: Tes darah tertentu, kaya jumlah darah lengkap atau penanda tumor, kawa digawi gasan membantu menentukan stadium kanker atau memantau perawatan.
7. Tes genetik: Amun ada riwayat kanker payudara dalam kaluarga, tes genetik kawa digawi gasan manantuakan apakah ada mutasi gen warisan nang maningkatakan risiko terkena kanker payudara.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, atawa PET scan: Tes pencitraan ini kawa digawi gasan manantuakan apakah kanker sudah manyabar ka bagian awak nang lain.
Imbah diagnosis kanker payudara diulah, tes lanjutan kawa digawi gasan manantuakan tahap wan tingkat kanker, nang membantu manuntun kaputusan perawatan.
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Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.
Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
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How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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