1. Umur: Risiko kanker payudara meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia wanita.
2. Riwayat keluarga: Risiko kanker payudara wanita lebih tinggi jika dia memiliki kerabat dekat (ibu, kakak, atau anak perempuan) yang pernah kena kanker payudara.
3. Mutasi genetik: Mutasi gen tertentu yang diwarisi, seperti BRCA1 dan BRCA2, meningkatkan risiko kanker payudara.
4. Riwayat reproduksi: Menstruasi dini, menopause akhir, dan kada baisi anak atawa baisi anak pertama imbah umur 30 tahun kawa maningkatakan risiko kanker payudara.
5. Terapi penggantian hormon: Wanita nang memakai terapi penggantian hormon gasan menopause baisi resiko kanker payudara nang labih tinggi.
7. Obesitas: Kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas meningkatkan risiko kanker payudara.
8. Kurang aktifitas fisik: Gaya hidup nang kurang aktif kawa maningkatakan risiko kanker payudara.
9. Paparan radiasi: Paparan radiasi dosis tinggi, terutama selama masa kanak-kanak, dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker payudara.
10. Kapadatan payudara: Wanita lawan payudara nang padat baisi resiko kanker payudara nang labih tinggi.
11. Riwayat menstruasi: Wanita nang mulai menstruasi awal atau menopause lambat baisi resiko labih tinggi terkena kanker payudara.
12. manyusui: Wanita nang balum pernah manyusui baisi resiko labih tinggi kena kanker payudara.
13. Kontrasepsi: Wanita nang memakai kontrasepsi oral baisi resiko kanker payudara nang labih tinggi.
Penting dicatat bahwa baisi satu atawa labih faktor risiko ini kada berarti bahwa seorang binian pasti akan mengidap kanker payudara, wan banyak binian nang mengidap kanker payudara kada baisi faktor risiko nang diketahui.
Salain itu, babarapa faktor risiko, kaya usia wan riwayat keluarga, kada kawa diubah, sementara nang lain, kaya faktor gaya hidup, kawa diubah gasan mengurangi risiko.
Yoneda T: Cellular and molecular basis of preferential metastasis of breast cancer to bone. J Orthop Sci. 2000, 5 (1): 75-81.
Demirci S, Eser E, Ozsaran Z, Tankisi D, Aras AB, Ozaydemir G, Anacak Y: Validation of the Turkish versions of EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23 modules in breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011, 12 (5): 1283-7.
Kluttig A, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A: Established and Suspected Risk Factors in Breast Cancer Aetiology. Breast Care (Basel). , 4 (2): 82-87.
Tabar L, Duffy SW, Yen MF, Warwick J, Vitak B, Chen HH, Smith RA: All-cause mortality among breast cancer patients in a screening trial: support for breast cancer mortality as an end point. J Med Screen. 2002, 9 (4): 159-62.
Gonzalez P, Lim JW, Wang-Letzkus M, Flores KF, Allen KM, Castañeda SF, Talavera GA: Breast Cancer Cause Beliefs: Chinese, Korean, and Mexican American Breast Cancer Survivors. West J Nurs Res. 2015, 37 (8): 1081-99.
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What causes breast cancer?
There is no single cause of breast cancer, but several factors can increase the risk of developing the disease.
Some of these factors include:
1. Age: The risk of breast cancer increases as a woman gets older.
2. Family history: A woman's risk of breast cancer is higher if she has a close relative (mother, sister, or daughter) who has had breast cancer.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menstruation, late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk of breast cancer.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Women who take hormone replacement therapy for menopause have a higher risk of breast cancer.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of breast cancer.
8. Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of breast cancer.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk of breast cancer.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early or went through menopause late have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
13. Birth control: Women who use oral contraceptives have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean that a woman will definitely develop breast cancer, and many women who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors.
Additionally, some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, while others, such as lifestyle factors, can be modified to reduce the risk.
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