Ada babarapa faktor risiko gasan kanker payudara, babarapa nang kawa diubah wan nang lainnya kada.
Berikut adalah beberapa faktor resiko nang paling umum:
1. Umur: Risiko terkena kanker payudara meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, dengan sebagian besar kasus terjadi pada wanita di atas usia 50 tahun.
2. Riwayat keluarga: Punya kerabat dekat, kayak ibu, kakak, atau anak, kena kanker payudara meningkatkan resiko.
3. Mutasi genetik: Mutasi gen tertentu yang diwarisi, seperti BRCA1 dan BRCA2, meningkatkan risiko terkena kanker payudara.
4. Riwayat reproduksi: Awal menarche (awal menstruasi), menopause akhir, dan tidak memiliki anak atau memiliki anak pertama setelah usia 30 tahun dapat meningkatkan risiko.
5. Terapi penggantian hormon: Penggunaan jangka panjang terapi hormon estrogen wan progesteron gabungan imbah menopause kawa maningkatakan risikonya.
9. Paparan radiasi: Paparan dosis radiasi tinggi, terutama selama masa kanak-kanak, dapat meningkatkan risiko.
10. Kapadatan payudara: Wanita lawan payudara nang padat baisi resiko labih tinggi terkena kanker payudara.
11. Riwayat menstruasi: Wanita nang mulai menstruasi dini (sebelum umur 12 tahun) atawa menopause lambat (habis umur 55 tahun) baisi risiko nang labih tinggi.
12. manyusui: Wanita nang balum pernah manyusui baisi resiko labih tinggi terkena kanker payudara.
Penting gasan dicatat bahwa baisi satu atawa labih faktor risiko kada berarti seseorang pasti akan mengidap kanker payudara, wan kadada faktor risiko kada menjamin seseorang kada akan mengidap kanker payudara.
Namun, pamahaman faktor risiko ngini kawa membantu individu meulah keputusan nang teinformasi tentang kasihatannya wan berpotensi mengurangi risiko buhannya.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
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