Ada beberapa faktor resiko gasan diabetes, termasuk:
1. Riwayat keluarga: Punya orang tua atau saudara yg kena diabetes meningkatkan resiko.
2. Umur: Risiko kena diabetes tipe 2 meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, terutama setelah umur 45 tahun.
3. Berat badan: Berat badan nang labih atawa obesitas maningkatakan risiko.
4. Kurang aktifitas fisik: Kurang olah raga kawa maningkatakan risiko.
5. Ras atau etnis: Kelompok etnis tertentu, seperti Afrika Amerika, Hispanik Amerika, Pribumi Amerika, dan Asia Amerika, memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena diabetes tipe 2.
6. Gestational diabetes: Wanita nang sudah menderita gestational diabetes selama kehamilan lebih berisiko terkena diabetes tipe 2 di kemudian hari.
7. Sindrom ovarium polikistik: Wanita nang baisi kondisi ini baisi risiko labih tinggi mengidap diabetes tipe 2.
8. Sindrom metabolik: Kelompok kondisi ini, termasuk tekanan darah tinggi, kolesterol tinggi, dan lingkar pinggang besar, meningkatkan risiko diabetes tipe 2.
9. Merokok: Merokok kawa maningkatakan resistensi insulin, nang kawa manyabapakan diabetes tipe 2.
10. Prediabetes: Punya prediabetes, atau kadar gula darah lebih tinggi dari normal, meningkatkan resiko kena diabetes tipe 2.
11. Berat badan lahir rendah: Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah lebih berisiko terkena diabetes tipe 2 di kemudian hari.
12. Tekanan darah tinggi: Memiliki tekanan darah tinggi meningkatkan resiko terkena diabetes tipe 2.
13. Tingkat kolesterol wan trigliserida nang kada normal: Tingkat trigliserida nang tinggi wan kadar kolesterol HDL (baik) nang randah maningkatakan risiko diabetes tipe 2.
14. Sleep apnea: Orang nang kena sleep apnea lebih berisiko kena diabetes tipe 2.
18. Gaya hidup nang kurang aktif: Gaya hidup nang kurang aktif kawa maningkatakan risiko terkena diabetes tipe 2.
19. Diet tinggi lemak, tinggi kalori: Mengonsumsi diet tinggi lemak dan kalori nang kada sehat kawa meningkatkan risiko mengidap diabetes tipe 2.
20. Konsumsi alkohol: Konsumsi alkohol nang talalu banyak kawa maningkatakan risiko maningkatakan diabetes tipe 2.
21. Kurang tidur: Kurang tidur bisa menambah resiko terkena diabetes tipe 2.
22. Pencemaran udara: Paparan polusi udara kawa maningkatakan risiko mengidap diabetes tipe 2.
23. Infeksi tertentu: Infeksi tertentu, seperti hepatitis C, dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena diabetes tipe 2.
24. Tingkat homocysteine nang tinggi: Tingkat homocysteine nang tinggi, asam amino, kawa maningkatakan risiko mengidap diabetes tipe 2.
25. Tingkat asam urat nang tinggi: Tingkat asam urat nang tinggi, produk limbah, kawa maningkatakan risiko mengidap diabetes tipe 2.
26. Tingkat tinggi protein C-reaktif: Tingkat tinggi protein C-reaktif, penanda peradangan, kawa maningkatakan risiko mengembangakan diabetes tipe 2.
27. Tingkat fibrinogen nang tinggi: Tingkat fibrinogen nang tinggi, protein nang talibat dalam pembekuan darah, kawa maningkatakan risiko mengidap diabetes tipe 2.
28. Tingkat tinggi PAI-1: Tingkat tinggi PAI-1, protein nang terlibat dalam pembekuan darah, kawa meningkatkan risiko mengidap diabetes tipe 2.
29. Tingkat leptin nang tinggi: Tingkat leptin nang tinggi, hormon nang talibat dalam regulasi nafsu makan, kawa maningkatakan risiko mengidap diabetes tipe 2.
30. Tingkat resistin nang tinggi: Tingkat resistin nang tinggi, hormon nang talibat dalam resistensi insulin, kawa maningkatakan risiko maningkatakan
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Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.
Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.
Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.
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Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.
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What are the risk factors for diabetes?
There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:
1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.
2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.
3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.
4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.
5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing
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