Ada babarapa faktor risiko serangan jantung, tamasuk:
1. Umur: Risiko serangan jantung meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, terutama setelah usia 45 tahun gasan pria dan 55 tahun gasan wanita.
2. Tingkat kolesterol tinggi: Tingkat kolesterol LDL (jahat) tinggi wan kadar kolesterol HDL (baik) rendah kawa maningkatakan risiko serangan jantung.
3. Tekanan darah tinggi: Tekanan darah tinggi nang kada dikontrol kawa marusak arteri wan maningkatakan risiko serangan jantung.
4. Diabetes: Urang nang baisi diabetes labih berisiko terkena serangan jantung marga karusakan gula darah tinggi kawa manyababakan pada pembuluh darah.
5. Kabanyakan barek badan atau tabaik: Kabanyakan barek badan bisa maningkekan risiko sarangan jantung malalui faktor risiko lain kaya takanan darah tinggi jo diabetes.
6. Kada olahraga: Kurangnya aktivitas fisik kawa manyabapakan panyakit jantung wan maningkatakan risiko serangan jantung.
7. Ngrokok: Ngrokok marupakan faktor resiko utama serangan jantung, karena merusak pembuluh darah wan maningkatakan resiko pembekuan darah.
8. Riwayat keluarga: Riwayat keluarga penyakit jantung kawa maningkatakan risiko serangan jantung.
9. Atrial fibrillation: Ini adalah irama jantung nang kada teratur nang kawa maningkatakan risiko serangan jantung wan stroke.
10. Serangan jantung atau stroke sebelumnya: Urang nang pernah kena serangan jantung atau stroke sebelumnya lebih berisiko kena serangan jantung atau stroke lagi.
11. Stres: Stres kronis kawa manyabapakan panyakit jantung wan maningkatakan risiko serangan jantung.
12. Kondisi autoimun: Kondisi kaya lupus wan rheumatoid arthritis kawa maningkatakan risiko panyakit jantung pada bibinian.
13. Masalah kesehatan nang bakaitan lawan kehamilan: Wanita nang mengidap diabetes gestasional atawa hipertensi selama kehamilan berisiko meningkat terkena penyakit jantung di kemudian hari.
14. Tingkat estrogen nang randah: Wanita nang sudah menopause atawa sudah histerektomi baisi tingkat estrogen nang randah, nang kawa maningkatakan risiko panyakit jantung dibandingakan wan wanita nang balum.
Penting gasan dicatat amun beberapa faktor risiko, kaya usia wan riwayat keluarga, kada kawa diubah, banyak nang lain kawa dikelola melalui perubahan gaya hidup wan intervensi medis.
Pemeriksaan rutin, menjaga diet sehat, berolahraga secara teratur, berhenti merokok, dan mengelola kondisi kronis seperti tekanan darah tinggi dan diabetes dapat membantu mengurangi risiko serangan jantung.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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