Patofisiologi serangan jantung, jua dikenal sabagai infark miokard, malibatakan gangguan aliran darah ke bagian otot jantung, nang manyabapakan kamatian sel jantung.
Hal ngini biasanya tajadi marga panyumbatan arteri koroner oleh gumpalan darah, nang rancak marupakan hasil aterosklerosis, suatu kondisi di mana plak bakumpul di arteri.
Plak tadiri dari kolesterol, zat lemak, produk limbah seluler, kalsium, dan fibrin.
Pas plak pecah, bisa manyababakan pambentukan gumpalan darah, nang kawa mamblokir arteri wan mancagah darah nang sugih oksigen mencapai otot jantung.
Kekurangan oksigen ngini manyababakan sel otot jantung mati, nang manyabapakan serangan jantung.
Tingkat karusakan tagantung lawan ukuran wilayah nang disuplai oleh arteri nang tasumbat wan waktu antara serangan wan perawatan.
Gejala serangan jantung kawa tamasuk rasa sakit atawa kada nyaman di dada, napas ngalih, mual, pusing, wan sakit di tangan, gulu, rahang, atawa balakang.
Perawatan gasan serangan jantung biasanya malibatakan mambulikakan aliran darah ke otot jantung secepat mungkin, baik melalui obat atawa prosedur nang kaya angioplasti wan stenting atawa operasi bypass arteri koroner.
Penting gasan dicatat bahwa patofisiologi serangan jantung tuh rumit wan malibatakan banyak faktor, termasuk faktor genetik, gaya hidup, wan lingkungan.
Faktor risiko serangan jantung tamasuk tekanan darah tinggi, kolesterol tinggi, marokok, diabetes, obesitas, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, wan riwayat keluarga panyakit jantung.
Mengelola faktor resiko ini kawa membantu mengurangi kemungkinan mengalami serangan jantung.
Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.
Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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