Kanser ya pwapwa hi yimwe ya kulita chinji hashi heswe.
Kulita ni Chizavu cha Hashi Heswe cha Kuwuka (WHO), kansa ya fupa yili chitela chinene cha kufwa ha kansa hashi heswe, ni unji wa 1.8 wa tununu ja atu waze akuyiza ni 1.6 wa tununu ja atu waze akufwa ha mwaka 2020.
Mu Estados Unidos, kali musongo wa kavali uze unji akupwa nawo kuli malunga ni mapwo, ni unji wa 228,810 wa atu waze akupwa nawo ha mwaka 2021.
Ulemu wa yikola ni kufwa ha mukaka wa pwapwa unalisa nikulita ni yihela, unji wacho uli unji ku yifuchi yize yinakula ni kuli malunga.
Chipwe chocho, yikola ya kansa ya yipapu yinokena ha miaka yino, mumu lia akwa-kuhema.
Chang S, Dai M, Ren JS, Chen YH, Guo LW: [Estimates and prediction on incidence, mortality and prevalence of lung cancer in China in 2008]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2012, 33 (4): 391-4.
Nguyen RH, Vater LB, Timsina LR, Durm GA, Rupp K, Wright K, Spitznagle MH, Paul B, Jalal SI, Carter-Harris L, Hudmon KS, Hanna NH, Loehrer PJ, Ceppa DP: Impact of smoke-free ordinance strength on smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence. PLoS One. 2021, 16 (4): e0250285.
Tabatabai MA, Kengwoung-Keumo JJ, Oates GR, Guemmegne JT, Akinlawon A, Ekadi G, Fouad MN, Singh KP: Racial and Gender Disparities in Incidence of Lung and Bronchus Cancer in the United States: A Longitudinal Analysis. PLoS One. , 11 (9): e0162949.
Karim-Kos HE, Janssen-Heijnen ML, van Iersel CA, van der Meer RM, de Vries E, Coebergh JW: The beginning of the end of the lung cancer epidemic in Dutch women? Int J Cancer. 2008, 123 (6): 1472-5.
Putila JJ, Guo NL: Association of arsenic exposure with lung cancer incidence rates in the United States. PLoS One. 2011, 6 (10): e25886.
Strand TE, Malayeri C, Eskonsipo PK, Grimsrud TK, Norstein J, Grotmol T: Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954-1998. Cancer Causes Control. 2004, 15 (1): 27-33.
['Ulemu: ukwaso wa yikola']
['Site yino kayitela hanga atu anyingike hakutwala ku yikola ni yikuma yikwo, kuyishi ni yiyulo ya mandotolo.']
['Tala ha makina yize yakukwasa hanga uwane kumbululo lia yihula, hi yikalu ko muze anavuluka unji wa atu waze ali ni yikola.']
['Teta mashimbu eswe kuwana yiyulo ya ndotolo we hanji umwe mukwa-kuhana yiyulo ya uhayele ha chikuma cha yikola. Kanda ulionga yiyulo ya ndotolo hanji kutohwesa kuyitanga ha mukunda wa yimwe yuma yize watanga ha site yino. Nyi wanyonga ngwo uli ni mulonga wa uhayele, shinga 911 hanji yako ha chipatulo cha usopeso chize chili hakamwihi. Kukushi usepa wa ndotolo ni ndotolo uze wakunjila ha site yino hanji ha kuzachisa site yino. Chipwe BioMedLib hanji akwa-kukalakala nayo, hanji yoze wakukwasa ha site yino, keshi kulinga nichimwe, chipwe kusolola, hakutwala ku sango jize jili ha site yino hanji ha kuzachisa site yino.']
['Uhashi wa akwa-kusoneka']
['Shimbi ya Digital Millennium Copyright Act ya 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) yinambe ngwo, waze ali ni shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka waze anafuliela ngwo yuma yize yili ha Internet yinapinjisa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka ja mu Estados Unidos. ']
['Nyi unafuliela ni mbunge yeswe ngwo yikuma yeswe yize akuzachisa ha site yino yinapinjisa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka, yena (mba yoze wakuzachisa) muhasa kututumina mukanda hanga ututuhwise yikuma yacho hanji kuhona kuyimona.']
['Sango jacho katamba kujituma ha mukanda ha email (tala ha chihanda cha "Contact" ha email).']
['Shimbi ya DMCA yinambe ngwo, sango je ha yize akuhanjika ngwo yapinjisa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka yili ni sango jacho: (1) kulumbununa mulimo uze uli ni shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka uze anazangamisa; (2) kulumbununa yikuma yize anazangamisa ni sango jize jinahase kutukwasa hanga tuwane yikuma yacho; (3) kulweza yoze mutuhasa kumuheta, ngwe adresi, numero ya telefone ni email; (4) maliji waze yena musolola ngwo, yuma yize anazangamisa kuyishi ni utayizo wa mwene wa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka, hanji yoze akuzachisa, hanji ni shimbi jize anazangamisa; ']
['(5) Sango jize yena musoneka, ni shimbi jize makahana, ngwo sango jize jili ha mukanda jili ja umwenemwene nawa uli ni ulite wakukwasa hanga akwa-kusoneka afunge shimbi jize anakwambulula ngwo jinalitepulula;']
['nawa (6) chijimbikilo cha mwata wa shindakenyo ya ulite wa yuma hanji cha muthu yoze uli ni ulite wa kulinga yuma ha jina lia mwata wa shindakenyo ya yuma.']
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 1.8 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths in 2020.
In the United States, it is the second most common cancer in both men and women, with an estimated 228,810 new cases in 2021.
The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer vary by region, with higher rates in developed countries and among males.
However, the incidence of lung cancer has been decreasing in recent years due to decreased smoking prevalence.
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['Hakutwala ku']
['BioMedLib kakuzachisa makina hanga ahase kuhula ni kukumbulula.']
['Mutuputuka ni 35 a tununu ja mikanda ya PubMed/Medline. nawa ni mikanda ya RefinedWeb.']
