Kanser ya yipapu kakuyisoloka ha yimwe yilweza yize akuzachisa, ngwe:
1. Yitanga ni kuhengwola mujimba: Ndotolo makulweza hakutwala ku yize yinakusoloka, ni chize unayiza makanya, ni chize asoko je akupwa ni kansa ya mapachi.
Nawa makukekesa mujimba hanga uwane yilayi ya yikola yacho.
2. Shimbi ja ku tala: Shimbi ja X-ray ni computed tomography (CT) kakujizachisa hanga asolole kanawa yipapilo ya yipapu ni yikuma yize yili mwishi.
Uhashi wacho wakukwasa hanga uwane yikuma yize muyihasa kusolola kansa ya yipapu.
3. Sputum cytology: Shinga (yino yakutuhuka mu fupa) kakuyisoloka ha microscope hanga awane ma celula a cancer.
4. Kuzachisa makina akutala yize yili ha fupa (biopsia): Kakukwata fupa lia fupa ni kulitala ha makina a microscope hanga ushindakanye nyi muli ma celula a cancer.
Chino muchihasa kulingiwa ha bronchoscopy, hanji ha kuhaka chimwe chuma mu fupa.
5. Bronchoscopy: Chihanda chapecha ni makina akutala, kakusongwela mu mbunga hanji mu kanwa ni kutohwesa mahinji.
Shimbi yino muyihasa nawa kukaula yifwo hanga ayize ha kutu.
6. Shimbi ya kupola: Shimbi yikehe kakuyihaka mu fupa hanga apule ma celula akeheseko.
7. Kuzachisa thoracentesis: Mafuta kakusongoloka mu fupa ni mu mbunda ni kuhaka-haka naina, mba akwa-kuhengula ayo a tala nyi muli ma celula a cancer.
8. Kuhehwojola manyinga: Chipwe ngwe kuhengwojola manyinga wika kuchishi kuhasa kusolola kansa ya yipapu, alioze muchihasa kukwasa mutu hanga anyingike kanawa mujimba wenyi ni kumona yuma yize muyihasa kusolola kansa.
9. Kuzachisa makina akutala yifupa, MRI, PET scan, ni yikwo: Yino makina kakuzachisa hanga uwane nyi yikola yacho yikwasa ku yihanda yikwo ya mujimba.
Muze cancer ya yipapu akuyisanga, yikwo yikusoloka hanga uwane kuchi yinaputuka ni kuchi yinayi ni kukwasa kukwata yiyulo ya kuchiza.
Ha yikuma yacho, mahasa kulinga yikuma yikwo, ngwe CT scan ya wongo, hanji PET scan.
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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['(5) Sango jize yena musoneka, ni shimbi jize makahana, ngwo sango jize jili ha mukanda jili ja umwenemwene nawa uli ni ulite wakukwasa hanga akwa-kusoneka afunge shimbi jize anakwambulula ngwo jinalitepulula;']
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Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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