Kuli yuma yinji yize yakuneha yikola ya mbunge, ngwe:
1. Mushinakaji: Uhashi wa kuputuka yikola ya mbunge unoka muze mutu anakukola, chinji-chiwe muze mutu hanahichi miaka 45 ni 55 mu usoko.
2. Cholesterol yinji: Cholesterol yipi (LDL) ni yipema (HDL) yikwasa yikola ya mbunge.
3. Manyinga anji: Nyi manyinga anji keshi kukalakala kanawa, mahasa kupinjisa manyinga ni kwokesa yikola ya mbunge.
4. Musongo wa shuga: Atu waze ali ni musongo wa shuga kakupwa ni kapinda munji wa kuputuka yikola ya mbunge, mumu manyinga kakuvula chinji.
5. Kuvula chinji hanji kupwa ni ufumba unji: Kuvula chinji mujimba chakuneha yikola ya mbunge, ngwe manyinga ni yikola ya shuga.
6. Kuhona kulinga yikola: Kuhona kulinga yikola mu mujimba chakuneha yikola ya mbunge ni kukola cha kapinda wa mbunge.
7. Kunwa makanya: Kunwa makanya chakuneha yikola ya mbunge, mumu chakupinjisa manyinga ni kukokesa manyinga.
8. Usoko: Nyi umwe mu usoko we kali ni yikola ya mbunge, chino muchihasa kutohwesa yikola yacho.
9. Musongo wa atrial fibrillation: Musongo wacho wakukoka mbunge, wakuneha yikola ya mbunge.
10. Musongo wa mbunge hanji wa kapinda: Atu waze hanapinda ni musongo wa mbunge hanji wa kapinda kali ni uhashi unji wa kupinda nawa.
11. Yipikalo: Yipikalo yinji muyihasa kulingisa mutu apwe ni yikola ya mbunge.
12. Yikola ya autoimmune: Yikola ngwe lupus ni rheumatoid arthritis, muyihasa kwokesa pwo ku misongo ya mbunge.
13. Yipikalo ya mujimba yize yakwiza ha shimbu lia ufumba: Mapwo waze akupwa ni yikola ya shuga hanji yikola ya manyinga ha shimbu lia ufumba, ayo kakupwa nawa ni yikola ya mbunge.
14. Kuchika cha estrojene: Mapwo waze hanaputuka kupwa ni chilimwe hanji waze hanachiza ufumba wo kakupwa ni estrojene yikehe, chino chakuneha yikola ya mbunge kuhiana waze keshi ni yitanga yacho.
Chili chilemu kunyingika ngwo chipwe ngwe yimwe yuma yize yakuneha yikola yacho, ngwe miaka ni yikola ya usoko, kuyishi kwalumuka, yikwo yinji kakuyihasa kuyula ha kwalumuna yitanga ni yitumbo.
Kuhengwola mashimbu eswe, kulia kulia chipema, kulinga yikola, kwecha kunwa makanya ni kuchiza yikola ya mbunge ngwe manyinga ni yikola ya shuga, muchihasa kukwasa kukehesa yikola yacho.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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['Nyi unafuliela ni mbunge yeswe ngwo yikuma yeswe yize akuzachisa ha site yino yinapinjisa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka, yena (mba yoze wakuzachisa) muhasa kututumina mukanda hanga ututuhwise yikuma yacho hanji kuhona kuyimona.']
['Sango jacho katamba kujituma ha mukanda ha email (tala ha chihanda cha "Contact" ha email).']
['Shimbi ya DMCA yinambe ngwo, sango je ha yize akuhanjika ngwo yapinjisa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka yili ni sango jacho: (1) kulumbununa mulimo uze uli ni shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka uze anazangamisa; (2) kulumbununa yikuma yize anazangamisa ni sango jize jinahase kutukwasa hanga tuwane yikuma yacho; (3) kulweza yoze mutuhasa kumuheta, ngwe adresi, numero ya telefone ni email; (4) maliji waze yena musolola ngwo, yuma yize anazangamisa kuyishi ni utayizo wa mwene wa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka, hanji yoze akuzachisa, hanji ni shimbi jize anazangamisa; ']
['(5) Sango jize yena musoneka, ni shimbi jize makahana, ngwo sango jize jili ha mukanda jili ja umwenemwene nawa uli ni ulite wakukwasa hanga akwa-kusoneka afunge shimbi jize anakwambulula ngwo jinalitepulula;']
['nawa (6) chijimbikilo cha mwata wa shindakenyo ya ulite wa yuma hanji cha muthu yoze uli ni ulite wa kulinga yuma ha jina lia mwata wa shindakenyo ya yuma.']
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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