E dau kilai na mateniuto ena itukutuku makawa ni tauvimate, na vakadidike, kei na so tale na ka e dau dikevi.
Na vakadidike e dau caka vakalevu me kilai kina ni tauvi koya na mateniuto e okati kina:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): Na vakadidike oqo e dau dikeva na cakacaka ni livaliva ni uto qai rawa ni laurai kina na leqa e rawa ni dusia ni sa tauvi koya tiko na mateniuto.
2. Na vakadidike ni dra: Na vakadidike ni dra e rawa ni kilai kina na levu ni enzyme kei na protein e curu ina salanidra ni sa mavoa na uto.
Na vakadidike ni dra e dau vakayagataki vakalevu me kilai kina na mateniuto, oya na troponin kei na creatine kinase (CK-MB).
3. Echocardiogram: Na vakadidike oqo e vakayagataki kina na rorogo ni ua me laurai kina na yavala ni uto, e rawa ni vukei ira na vuniwai mera kila na cakacaka ni uto kei na vanua e vuca.
4. Coronary angiography: Na vakadidike oqo e okati kina na kena culai e dua na roka ena sala ni dra ni uto qai caka kina na iyaloyalo ena X-ray me kilai kina na kena sa tasogo se sa qiqo.
5. CT se MRI ni uto: Na vakadidike oqo e rawa ni laurai kina na uto kei na salanidra, e rawa ni vukei ira na vuniwai mera kila na leqa se na ka e tarova.
6. Na vakatovotovo ni lomaocaoca: Na vakatovotovo oqo e okati kina na vakaukaua yago ena treadmill se basikeli ni sa dau vakadikevi tiko na ivakarau ni loma ni tamata ena gauna e lomaocaoca kina.
Ena rawa ni kilai kina ke sega ni cakacaka vinaka na uto.
7. Cardiac catheterization: Oqo e dua na mataqali vakadidike e curu kina e dua na catheter ena sala ni dra ena liga se yava qai vagolei ina uto.
Ena qai culai na dra ena sala ni dra e dau drodro ina uto me kilai kina ke sa tao se sa qiqo.
Na kena dikevi na mate oqo, na ivakatakilakila ni kena mate kei na itukutuku makawa ni kena ituvaki, ena rawa ni vukei ira na vuniwai mera kila na mate ni uto kei na veiqaravi vinaka duadua me caka.
Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.
Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.
Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.
New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.
Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.
Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.
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How is heart attack diagnosed?
A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.
The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.
3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.
4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.
5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.
6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.
It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.
7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.
Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.
A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.
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