Kanker paru-paru didiagnosis liwat kombinasi tes lan prosedur, sing bisa uga kalebu:
1. Riwayat medis lan pemeriksaan fisik: Dhokter bakal takon babagan gejala, riwayat ngrokok, lan riwayat kulawarga kanker paru-paru.
Dheweke uga bakal nindakake pemeriksaan fisik kanggo mriksa apa ana tandha penyakit kasebut.
2. Tes pencitraan: X-ray dada lan pemindaian tomografi komputer (CT) umume digunakake kanggo nggawe gambar rinci paru-paru lan struktur sekitar.
Tes kasebut bisa mbantu ndeteksi kelainan, kayata tumor utawa nodul, sing bisa nuduhake anané kanker paru-paru.
3. Cytology sputum: Sampel sputum sampeyan (mucus coughed munggah saka paru-paru) ditliti ing mikroskop kanggo nggoleki sel kanker.
4. Biopsi: Sampel jaringan paru-paru dicopot lan ditliti ing mikroskop kanggo nemtokake apa ana sel kanker.
Iki bisa ditindakake liwat bronkoskopi, biopsi jarum, utawa biopsi bedah.
5. Bronkoskopi: Tabung tipis, padhang karo kamera dilebokake liwat irung utawa cangkem lan mudhun ing tenggorokan kanggo mriksa saluran napas lan paru-paru.
Prosedur iki uga bisa digunakake kanggo ngumpulake conto jaringan kanggo biopsi.
6. Aspirasi jarum tipis (FNA): Jarum tipis dilebokake ing nodul paru-paru utawa massa kanggo ngumpulake conto sel kanggo mriksa.
7. Thoracentesis: Cairan dicopot saka ruang antarane paru-paru lan tembok dada kanthi nggunakake jarum, lan cairan kasebut banjur ditliti kanggo sel kanker.
8. Tes getih: Senajan tes getih piyambak ora bisa ndeteksi kanker paru-paru, nanging bisa mbantu nemtokake kesehatan umum pasien lan ngenali kelainan sing bisa nuduhake anané kanker.
9. Scan balung, MRI, pet scan, lan tes liyane: Tes iki bisa digunakake kanggo nemtokake apa kanker wis nyebar menyang bagean awak liyane.
Sawise didiagnosis kanker paru-paru, tes tambahan bisa uga ditindakake kanggo nemtokake tahap kanker, sing mbantu nuntun keputusan perawatan.
Tes kasebut bisa uga kalebu luwih akeh tes pencitraan, kayata CT scan otak, scan balung, utawa scan tomografi emisi positron (PET).
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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Mangga dicathet jaringan saraf sing ngasilake wangsulan kanggo pitakonan, utamané ora akurat nalika nerangake konten numerik. Contone, jumlah wong sing didiagnosis karo penyakit tartamtu.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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