1. Rokok: Rokok rokok minangka panyebab utama kanker paru-paru.
Resiko kasebut mundhak kanthi jumlah rokok sing dirokok saben dina lan pirang-pirang taun wong ngrokok.
2. Asap pasif: Paparan asap pasif bisa nambah risiko kanker paru-paru ing wong sing ora ngrokok.
3. Gas radon: Paparan gas radon sing dhuwur, gas radioaktif sing kedadeyan kanthi alami, bisa nambah risiko kanker paru-paru.
4. Asbestos lan karsinogen liyane: Paparan asbestos, arsenik, kromium, nikel, soot, tar, lan zat liyane bisa nyebabake kanker paru-paru.
5. Polusi udhara: Paparan jangka panjang kanggo polusi udhara, utamane ing wilayah kutha, bisa nambah risiko kanker paru-paru.
6. Riwayat kulawarga: Riwayat kulawarga kanker paru-paru bisa nambah risiko wong.
7. Riwayat pribadi penyakit paru-paru: Wong sing duwe riwayat penyakit paru-paru kayata penyakit paru-paru obstruksi kronis (COPD) utawa tuberkulosis bisa uga duwe risiko kanker paru-paru sing luwih gedhe.
8. Umur: Risiko kanker paru-paru mundhak kanthi umur, kanthi umume kasus kedadeyan ing wong sing umure luwih saka 65 taun.
9. Jender: Wong lanang luwih cenderung ngalami kanker paru-paru tinimbang wanita.
10. Terapi radiasi: Terapi radiasi sadurunge menyang dada kanggo kanker liyane bisa nambah risiko kanker paru-paru.
11. Diet: Diet sing kurang woh-wohan lan sayuran bisa nambah risiko kanker paru-paru.
12. Konsumsi alkohol: Konsumsi alkohol sing akeh bisa nambah risiko kanker paru-paru.
13. Genetika: Mutasi genetik tartamtu bisa nambah risiko kanker paru-paru.
Penting kanggo dicathet yen duwe siji utawa luwih saka faktor risiko kasebut ora ateges wong bakal ngalami kanker paru-paru, lan sawetara wong sing ngalami kanker paru-paru bisa uga ora duwe faktor risiko sing dingerteni.
Nanging, nyuda utawa ngindhari paparan kanggo faktor risiko kasebut bisa mbantu nyuda kemungkinan ngembangake kanker paru-paru.
Jin YJ, Tang W, Huang Y, Wang JW, Hou DH, Qi LL, Zhao SJ, Wu N: [Risk factors for lung cancer based on low-dose computed tomography screening]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020, 42 (3): 222-227.
Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.
Zhou X, Hu J, Zhang C, Zhan Y, Song Y, Fan W, Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu D, Li F, Li D, Nie R: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12 (1): 57-65.
Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.
Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P: Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2013, 3 (4): 235-44.
Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, Tsang KW, Chau WS, Chiu SW, Ip MS, Lam WK: Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer. 2003, 40 (2): 131-40.
Penafian: medis
Situs web iki diwenehake mung kanggo tujuan pendhidhikan lan informasi lan ora dadi menehi saran medis utawa layanan profesional.
Informasi sing diwenehake ora kudu digunakake kanggo diagnosa utawa ngobati masalah utawa penyakit kesehatan, lan wong-wong sing golek saran medis pribadi kudu takon karo dokter sing duwe lisensi.
Mangga dicathet jaringan saraf sing ngasilake wangsulan kanggo pitakonan, utamané ora akurat nalika nerangake konten numerik. Contone, jumlah wong sing didiagnosis karo penyakit tartamtu.
Tansah golek saran saka dhokter utawa panyedhiya kesehatan sing berkualitas liyane babagan kahanan medis. Aja ora nggatekake saran medis profesional utawa telat nggoleki amarga apa sing wis diwaca ing situs web iki. Yen sampeyan mikir sampeyan bisa duwe darurat medis, nelpon 911 utawa pindhah menyang kamar darurat paling cedhak langsung. Ora ana hubungan dokter-pasien sing digawe dening situs web iki utawa panggunaan. Ora BioMedLib utawa karyawan, utawa kontributor situs web iki, nggawe perwakilan, ekspres utawa tersirat, babagan informasi sing diwenehake ing kene utawa panggunaan.
Penafian: hak cipta
Undhang-undhang Hak Cipta Milenium Digital taun 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 ( DMCA) nyedhiyakake recourse kanggo pamilik hak cipta sing percaya yen materi sing katon ing Internet nglanggar hak-hak miturut hukum hak cipta AS.
Yen sampeyan percaya kanthi tulus manawa konten utawa materi sing kasedhiya gegayutan karo situs web utawa layanan kita nglanggar hak cipta sampeyan, sampeyan (utawa agen sampeyan) bisa ngirim kabar kanggo njaluk supaya konten utawa materi kasebut dicopot, utawa akses diblokir.
Kabar kudu dikirim kanthi nulis liwat email (deleng bagean "Kontak" kanggo alamat email).
DMCA mbutuhake kabar sampeyan babagan pelanggaran hak cipta sing diduga kalebu informasi ing ngisor iki: (1) deskripsi karya hak cipta sing dadi subyek pelanggaran sing diduga; (2) deskripsi konten sing diduga nglanggar lan informasi sing cukup kanggo ngidini kita nemokake konten kasebut; (3) informasi kontak kanggo sampeyan, kalebu alamat, nomer telpon lan alamat email; (4) pernyataan dening sampeyan yen sampeyan duwe kapercayan sing apik yen konten kanthi cara sing dikritik ora diidini dening pemilik hak cipta, utawa agen, utawa dening operasi hukum apa wae;
(5) pratelan dening sampeyan, ditandatangani kanthi paukuman sumpah palsu, manawa informasi ing pemberitahuan kasebut akurat lan sampeyan duwe wewenang kanggo ngetrapake hak cipta sing diklaim dilanggar;
lan (6) tandha tangan fisik utawa elektronik saka pemilik hak cipta utawa wong sing sah tumindak atas jenenge pemilik hak cipta.
Ora kalebu kabeh informasi ing ndhuwur bisa nyebabake wektu tundha kanggo ngolah keluhan sampeyan.
Kontak karo
Mangga ngirim kita email karo sembarang pitakonan / saran.
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
The risk factors for lung cancer include:
1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.
5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.
7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.
8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.
11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.
12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.
13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.
However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
Kira-kira
BioMedLib nggunakake komputer otomatis (algoritma pembelajaran mesin) kanggo ngasilake pasangan pitakonan lan wangsulan.
Kita miwiti karo 35 yuta publikasi biomedis saka PubMed/Medline. Uga, kaca web saka RefinedWeb.
Deleng "Referensi" uga "Penolakan tanggung jawab".
