Ana sawetara faktor risiko kanggo serangan jantung, kalebu:
1. Umur: Risiko serangan jantung mundhak kanthi umur, utamane sawise umur 45 taun kanggo pria lan 55 taun kanggo wanita.
2. Tingkat kolesterol dhuwur: Tingkat LDL (kolesterol ala) sing dhuwur lan tingkat HDL (kolesterol apik) sing sithik bisa nambah risiko serangan jantung.
3. Tekanan getih dhuwur: Tekanan getih dhuwur sing ora dikendhaleni bisa ngrusak arteri lan nambah risiko serangan jantung.
4. Diabetes: Wong sing duwe diabetes duwe risiko serangan jantung sing luwih dhuwur amarga kerusakan gula getih sing dhuwur bisa nyebabake pembuluh getih.
5. Kelebihan bobot utawa obesitas: Kelebihan bobot bisa nambah risiko serangan jantung kanthi nyumbang kanggo faktor risiko liyane kayata tekanan getih dhuwur lan diabetes.
6. Ora olahraga: Kurang aktivitas fisik bisa nyumbang kanggo pangembangan penyakit jantung lan nambah risiko serangan jantung.
7. Merokok: Merokok minangka faktor risiko utama kanggo serangan jantung, amarga ngrusak pembuluh getih lan nambah risiko pembekuan getih.
8. Riwayat kulawarga: Riwayat kulawarga penyakit jantung bisa nambah risiko serangan jantung.
9. Atrial fibrillation: Iki minangka irama jantung sing ora teratur sing bisa nambah risiko serangan jantung lan stroke.
10. Serangan jantung utawa stroke sadurunge: Wong sing wis ngalami serangan jantung utawa stroke sadurunge duwe risiko luwih dhuwur kanggo ngalami maneh.
11. Stres: Stres kronis bisa nyumbang kanggo pangembangan penyakit jantung lan nambah risiko serangan jantung.
12. Kondisi autoimun: Kondisi kayata lupus lan rheumatoid arthritis bisa nambah risiko penyakit jantung ing wanita.
Masalah kesehatan sing gegandhengan karo meteng: Wanita sing ngalami diabetes gestasional utawa hipertensi sajrone meteng duwe risiko luwih gedhe kanggo ngalami penyakit jantung ing umur mengko.
14. Tingkat estrogen sing kurang: Wanita sing wis ngalami menopause utawa wis ngalami histerektomi duwe tingkat estrogen sing luwih murah, sing bisa nambah risiko penyakit jantung dibandhingake karo wanita sing durung ngalami.
Penting kanggo dicathet yen nalika sawetara faktor risiko, kayata umur lan riwayat kulawarga, ora bisa diganti, akeh liyane bisa dikelola liwat owah-owahan gaya urip lan intervensi medis.
Pemeriksaan rutin, njaga diet sing sehat, olahraga kanthi rutin, mandheg ngrokok, lan ngatur kondisi kronis kayata tekanan getih dhuwur lan diabetes bisa mbantu nyuda risiko serangan jantung.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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