Patofisiologi serangan jantung, uga dikenal minangka infark miokard, kalebu gangguan aliran getih menyang bagean otot jantung, sing nyebabake pati sel jantung.
Iki biasane kedadeyan amarga obstruksi arteri koroner dening pembekuan getih, sing asring dadi asil saka aterosklerosis, kahanan ing ngendi plak dibangun ing arteri.
Plak kasebut dumadi saka kolesterol, zat lemak, produk limbah sel, kalsium, lan fibrin.
Nalika plak pecah, bisa nyebabake pembekuan getih, sing bisa mblokir arteri lan nyegah getih sing sugih oksigen tekan otot jantung.
Kekurangan oksigen iki nyebabake sel otot jantung mati, sing nyebabake serangan jantung.
Ukuran karusakan gumantung saka ukuran wilayah sing diwenehake dening arteri sing diblokir lan wektu antarane serangan lan perawatan.
Gejala serangan jantung bisa kalebu nyeri utawa ketidaknyamanan dada, sesak napas, mual, pusing, lan nyeri ing lengen, gulu, rahang, utawa punggung.
Perawatan kanggo serangan jantung biasane kalebu mulihake aliran getih menyang otot jantung kanthi cepet, kanthi obat-obatan utawa prosedur kayata angioplasti lan stenting utawa operasi bypass arteri koroner.
Penting kanggo dicathet manawa patofisiologi serangan jantung rumit lan nglibatake pirang-pirang faktor, kalebu faktor genetik, gaya urip, lan lingkungan.
Faktor risiko serangan jantung kalebu tekanan getih dhuwur, kolesterol dhuwur, ngrokok, diabetes, obesitas, kurang aktivitas fisik, lan riwayat kulawarga penyakit jantung.
Ngatur faktor-faktor risiko iki bisa mbantu nyuda kemungkinan ngalami serangan jantung.
Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.
Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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