Patofisiologi kanker prostat nuduhake mekanisme lan proses dhasar sing nyebabake pangembangan lan perkembangan penyakit kasebut.
Kanker prostat minangka tumor ganas sing muncul saka sel kelenjar prostat, yaiku organ cilik sing bentuk walnut sing ana ing sangisore kandung kemih ing pria.
Kelenjar prostat ngasilaké cairan seminal, sing mènèhi nutrisi lan ngangkut sperma.
Penyebab kanker prostat sing tepat ora dingerteni kanthi lengkap, nanging sawetara faktor sing dingerteni nambah risiko ngembangake penyakit kasebut.
Iki kalebu umur, riwayat kulawarga, ras, lan mutasi genetik tartamtu.
Kanker prostat luwih umum ing pria sing luwih tuwa, kanthi mayoritas kasus kedadeyan ing pria sing umure luwih saka 65 taun.
Kajaba iku, wong lanang sing duwe riwayat kulawarga kanker prostat duwe risiko sing luwih gedhe, uga wong Afrika Amerika lan wong keturunan Karibia.
Patofisiologi kanker prostat kalebu tuwuh lan pembelahan sel sing ora dikendhaleni ing kelenjar prostat.
Iki bisa kedadeyan amarga mutasi genetik sing nyebabake ekspresi faktor pertumbuhan tartamtu utawa inaktivasi gen suppressor tumor.
Mutasi kasebut bisa nyebabake tuwuhing sel sing ora diatur, sing nyebabake pembentukan tumor.
Nalika tumor tuwuh, bisa nyerang jaringan lan organ sing cedhak, kayata kandung kemih, rektum, lan kelenjar getah bening sing cedhak.
Ing sawetara kasus, sel kanker bisa misahake saka tumor utama lan nyebar menyang bagean awak liyane liwat aliran getih utawa sistem limfatik, proses sing dikenal minangka metastasis.
Sawise kanker wis nyebar, bisa uga luwih angel diobati.
Kanker prostat uga bisa dipengaruhi dening faktor hormonal, utamane hormon androgen testosteron.
Testosteron bisa ngrangsang tuwuhing sel kanker prostat, lan akeh perawatan kanggo kanker prostat tujuane kanggo nyuda tingkat hormon iki utawa mblokir pengaruhe.
Ing ringkesan, patofisiologi kanker prostat kalebu tuwuh lan pembagian sel sing ora dikendhaleni ing kelenjar prostat, sing bisa dipengaruhi dening faktor genetik, hormonal, lan lingkungan.
Ngerti mekanisme dhasar penyakit kasebut penting banget kanggo ngembangake perawatan sing efektif lan ningkatake asil kanggo pasien kanker prostat.
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Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
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Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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