O uhaxi ua izavu u tu ixana mu phutu, câncer de mama?
O ji dotolo amba kuila, o uhaxi iú u tena ku sambukila ku muthu, ni ku bhangesa o muthu ku kala ni uhaxi ua bhonzo.
O jingijiie a mu tokuesa o ima i bhangesa o ji célula ja uongo ku di bandekesa ni ku di muanga.
O ji dotolo amba kuila, o uhaxi iú u tena ku kala ni uhaxi ua izavu.
ʻO kekahi o nā hopena pathophysiological ma ke kula o ka maʻi kanesa o ka pēpē e komo pū ana:
1. O uhaxi ua uongo: O uhaxi ua uongo, u bhangesa o muhatu ku kala ni uhaxi ua mele.
O uhaxi iú, a tena ku u lundula ku jitata mba ku di longa ku muiji.
2. O ji hormona ja iibha: O ji hormona, bhenge-bhenge o estrogênio, ji tena ku bhangesa o muthu ku kala ni uhaxi ua mele.
O ji hormona ja iibha, mba o muhatu u tambula o ji hormona ja iibha, ji tena ku bhangesa o muhatu ku kala ni uhaxi ua mele.
3. O uhaxi ua izavu: O uhaxi ua izavu u bhangesa o ji célula ja izavu ku kula ni ku kala ku muenhu.
4. O kididi kua di muange o uhaxi: O kididi kua di muange o uhaxi, kála o ji célula, o ji célula ji langa o mukutu, ni manhinga, ku tena ku bhangesa o uhaxi ua mele ku di bandekesa.
5. O uhaxi ua izavu: O uhaxi ua izavu u tena ku sambukila ku idiandu ia mukuá ia mukutu, bhu kaxi ka manhinga, ni ku bhangesa o idiandu ia mukuá ku kala ni izavu.
O kuijiia kiambote o uhaxi ua izavu, kima kiambote phala ku tena ku u fidisa, ni ku u saka ni lusolo.
Underwood SM: Breast cancer in African American women: nursing essentials. ABNF J. , 17 (1): 3-14.
Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP: Liposomal nanomedicine for breast cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011, 6 (6): 1085-100.
Rauch GM, Adrada BE: Comparison of Breast MR Imaging with Molecular Breast Imaging in Breast Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment Response Evaluation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2018, 26 (2): 273-280.
Wei H, Wang H, Ji Q, Sun J, Tao L, Zhou X: NRBP1 is downregulated in breast cancer and NRBP1 overexpression inhibits cancer cell proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther. 2015, 8 (): 3721-30.
Eden JA: Human breast cancer stem cells and sex hormones--a narrative review. Menopause. 2010, 17 (4): 801-10.
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA: Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14 (24): 8010-8.
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What is pathophysiology of breast cancer?
Pathophysiology of breast cancer refers to the abnormal changes in the normal physiological processes and mechanisms that occur in the development and progression of breast cancer.
It involves the study of the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms that lead to the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells in the breast tissue.
This includes the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that contribute to the initiation, promotion, and progression of breast cancer.
Some of the key pathophysiological changes in breast cancer include:
1. Genetic mutations: Mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
These mutations can be inherited or acquired during a person's lifetime.
2. Hormonal imbalances: Hormones, particularly estrogen, can play a role in the development and growth of breast cancer.
An imbalance in hormone levels or exposure to excess estrogen can increase the risk of breast cancer.
3. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the breast tissue can contribute to the development of breast cancer by promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells.
4. Tumor microenvironment: The environment surrounding the tumor, including the extracellular matrix, immune cells, and blood vessels, can influence the growth and spread of breast cancer.
5. Metastasis: Breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in distant organs.
Understanding the pathophysiology of breast cancer is crucial for developing effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
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