Kanker payudara didiagnosis malalui kombinasi tes jo prosedur, nan dapek tamasuak:
1. Pemeriksaan payudara: Profesional kasihatan ka mamareso payudara untuak mancaliak ado kalompok, parubahan ukuran atau bantuak, atau kelainan lainnyo.
2. Mammogram: Saringan x-ray payudara nan dapek manamuan kelainan bahkan sabalun dapek dirasokan.
3. Ultrasound: Tes nan manggunokan galombang suaro untuak mambuek gambar jaringan payudara, nan dapek mambantu manantuan apokoh benjolan ko padek atau panuah cairan.
4. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan manggunokan medan magnet jo galombang radio untuak mambuek gambar rinci jaringan payudara.
5. Biopsi: Sabuah sampel ketek jaringan payudara diambiak jo dipareso di bawah mikroskop untuak manantuan adonyo sel kanker.
6. Tes darah: Tes darah tatantu, sarupo jumlah darah atau panando tumor, dapek dilakukan untuak manantuan manantuan tahap kanker atau untuak mangontrol pangobatan.
7. Tes genetik: Kok ado riwayaik kaluarga nan punyo kanker payudara, tes genetik dapek dilakukan untuak manantuan apokoh ado mutasi gen nan maningkekkan risiko kanker payudara.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, atau PET scan: Tes imaging iko dapek dilakukan untuak manantuan apokoh kanker alah manyebar ka bagian tubuah lainnyo.
Satalah didiagnosis kanker payudara, ado tes labiah lanjuik untuak manantuan tahap jo tingkek kanker, nan mambantu mangarajoan kaputusan pangobatan.
Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.
Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.
Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
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How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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