Ado babarapo faktor risiko untuak kanker payudara, babarapo di antaronyo dapek diubah jo nan lainnyo indak.
Barikuik adolah babarapo faktor risiko nan paliang umum:
1. Umua: Risiko kanker payudara batambah gadang sasuai umua, jo sabagian gadang kasus tajadi pado padusi nan baumua labiah dari 50 tahun.
2. Sijarah kaluarga: Kok ado sanak dakek, sarupo mandeh, dunsanak padusi, atau anak padusi, nan punyo kanker payudara, mako risiko paningkek.
3. Mutasi gen: Mutasi gen tatantu nan diwariskan, sarupo BRCA1 jo BRCA2, maningkekkan risiko tajadinyo kanker payudara.
4. Sijarah reproduksi: Awal menarche (mulo haid), menopause nan talambat, jo indak punyo anak atau punyo anak partamo satalah umua 30 taun dapek maningkekan risiko.
5. Terapi panggantian hormon: Panggunoan terapi hormon estrogen jo progesteron nan digabung salamo lamo sasudah menopause dapek maningkekan risiko.
9. Eksposur radiasi: Eksposur dosis tinggi radiasi, tarutamo salamo maso ketek, dapek maningkekkan risiko.
10. Kapadatan payudara: Wanita jo payudara padek labiah barisiko dapek kanker payudara.
11. Sijarah haid: Padusi nan muloi haid awal (sabalun baumua 12 taun) atau alah manjalani menopause akia (salapeh umua 55 taun) ado risiko nan labiah tinggi.
12. Manyusui: Padusi nan alun pernah manyusui mampunyoi risiko saketek labiah tinggi untuak manyebap kanker payudara.
Paralu diingek baso ado ciek atau labiah faktor risiko indak baarati baso sasaurang pasti akan manganduang kanker payudara, dan indak ado faktor risiko indak baarati baso sasaurang indak ka manganduang kanker payudara.
Namun, mangarati faktor risiko iko dapek mambantu individu untuak mamutuihan tantang kasihatannyo jo berpotensi mangurangi risiko.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
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