Il- patofiżjoloġija ta ' attakk tal- qalb, magħruf ukoll bħala infart miokardijaku, tinvolvi t- tfixkil tal- fluss tad- demm lejn parti mill- muskolu tal- qalb, li jwassal għall- mewt taċ- ċelloli tal- qalb.
Dan tipikament iseħħ minħabba l- ostruzzjoni ta ' arterja koronarja minn tagħbija tad- demm, li ħafna drabi hija r- riżultat ta ' aterosklerożi, kundizzjoni fejn il- plaċi tinġabar fl- arterji.
Il- plaċi hija magħmula minn kolesterol, sustanzi xaħmi, prodotti taʼ skart ċellulari, kalċju, u fibrina.
Meta l- plakka tinqasam, tistaʼ tikkawża l- formazzjoni taʼ trombus tad- demm, li jistaʼ jimblokka l- arterja u jimpedixxi li d- demm għani bl- ossiġnu jilħaq il- muskolu tal- qalb.
Din in- nuqqas ta ' ossiġnu jikkawża li ċ- ċelloli tal- muskoli tal- qalb imutu, u dan iwassal għal attakk tal- qalb.
L- estensjoni tal- ħsara tiddependi fuq id- daqs taż- żona pprovduta mill- arterja mblukkata u l- ħin bejn l- attakk u t- trattament.
Is- sintomi taʼ attakk tal- qalb jistgħu jinkludu uġigħ jew skumdità fis- sider, nuqqas taʼ nifs, dardir, sturdament, u uġigħ fl- idejn, fil- għonq, fil- ħalq, jew fid- dahar.
It- trattament għal attakk tal- qalb ġeneralment jinvolvi r- restawr tal- fluss tad- demm lejn il- muskolu tal- qalb malajr kemm jistaʼ jkun, jew permezz taʼ mediċini jew proċeduri bħal anġjoplastika u stenting jew kirurġija taʼ bypass tal- arterja koronarja.
Huwa importanti li wieħed jinnota li l- patofiżjoloġija ta ' attakk tal- qalb hija kumplessa u tinvolvi fatturi multipli, inklużi fatturi ġenetiċi, stil ta ' ħajja, u fatturi ambjentali.
Fatturi taʼ riskju għal attakk tal- qalb jinkludu pressjoni għolja tad- demm, kolesterol għoli, it- tipjip, id- dijabete, l- obesità, in- nuqqas taʼ attività fiżika, u storja tal- familja taʼ mard tal- qalb.
Il- kontroll ta ' dawn il- fatturi ta ' riskju jista ' jgħin biex inaqqas il- probabbiltà li jkollok attakk tal- qalb.
Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.
Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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(5) stqarrija minnek, iffirmata taħt il-piena ta' perjuri, li l-informazzjoni fin-notifika hija preċiża u li għandek l-awtorità li tinforza d-drittijiet tal-awtur li huma ddikjarati li ġew miksura;
u (6) firma fiżika jew elettronika tas-sid tad-drittijiet tal-awtur jew ta' persuna awtorizzata li taġixxi f'isem is-sid tad-drittijiet tal-awtur.
In-nuqqas li tinkludi l-informazzjoni kollha ta' hawn fuq jista' jwassal għal dewmien fit-trattament tal-ilment tiegħek.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
Disclaimer: medical
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