Khansa ya m'mapapo imazindikiridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingaphatikizepo:
1. Mbiri ya matenda ndi kufufuza thupi: Dokotala adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, mbiri ya kusuta fodya, ndi mbiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mapapo.
Adzafufuzanso kuti aone ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za matendawa.
2. Mayeso a zithunzi: Ma X-ray a chifuwa ndi ma computed tomography (CT) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zithunzi mwatsatanetsatane za mapapo ndi nyumba zozungulira.
Mayeso ameneŵa angathandize kupeza zinthu zosayenerera, monga zotupa kapena zotupa, zimene zingasonyeze kukhalapo kwa khansa ya m'mapapo.
3. Sputum cytology: Chitsanzo cha sputum yanu (mchere wochokera m'mapapo) chimafufuzidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti apeze maselo a khansa.
4. Biopsy: Chitsanzo cha minofu ya m'mapapo chimachotsedwa ndi kufufuzidwa pansi pa microscope kuti adziŵe ngati pali maselo a khansa.
Zimenezi zingachitidwe kupyolera mu bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, kapena surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: Chubu chaching'ono, chowala chokhala ndi kamera chimaloŵetsedwa m'mphuno kapena m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno kuti aone njira za mpweya ndi mapapo.
Njira imeneyi ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo za minofu ya biopsy.
6. Kufunafuna ndi singano yaing'ono (FNA): Singano yaing'ono imaloŵetsedwa m'mphuno kapena m'mapapo kuti atenge chitsanzo cha maselo kuti akafufuzidwe.
7. Thoracentesis: Madzi amachotsedwa m'malo pakati pa mapapo ndi khoma la chifuwa pogwiritsa ntchito singano, ndipo madziwo amafufuzidwa kuti aone ngati ali ndi maselo a khansa.
8. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi: Ngakhale kuti kuyesedwa kwa magazi kokha sikungatsimikizire kuti munthu ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, kungathandize kudziwa mmene wodwalayo alili ndipo kungathandize kudziwa ngati ali ndi khansa.
9. Kusanthula mafupa, MRI, kusanthula nyama, ndi mayeso ena: Mayeso ameneŵa angagwiritsiridwe ntchito kudziŵa ngati khansa yafalikira ku mbali zina za thupi.
Akangopeza kuti ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, angachite mayesero ena kuti adziŵe mmene khansa ilili, ndipo zimenezi zingathandize munthu kusankha njira yochizira.
Mayesero ameneŵa angaphatikizepo mayesero ena a kujambula, monga CT scan ya ubongo, bone scan, kapena positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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Chonde titumizireni imelo ndi funso / lingaliro lililonse.
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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