Lo càncer de la prostata es diagnosticat mejans una combinason de tèsts e procediments, que pòdon inclure:
1. Examen digital del recte (DRE): Lo mètge inserís un det gantat e lubrificat dins lo recte per palpar la prostata.
2. tèst de l'antigèn especific de la prostata (PSA): es un tèst sanguin que mesura lo nivèl de PSA, una proteïna producha per la glandula prostatica.
Un taus naut de PSA pòt indicar la preséncia de càncer de la prostata.
3. ecografia transrectal (TRUS): Una pichona sonda es inserida dins lo rectum per crear un imatge de la prostata utilizant d'ondas sonoras.
Aquò pòt ajudar a identificar tota anomalia dins la glandula prostatica.
4. Biopsia: Una mòstra pichona de teissut de la prostata es levada e examinada jos un microscòpi per la preséncia de cellulas cancerosas.
Es lo sol biais definitiu de diagnosticar lo càncer de la prostata.
5. Imatge per ressonància magnetica (IRM): Un IRM de la prostata pòt ajudar a identificar las anomalias e guidar la procedura de biopsia.
6. Tèst genomic: De mètges pòdon utilizar de tèsts genomics per determinar l'agressivitat del càncer e per decidir del tractament.
7. Bone Scan: una exploracion dels uòus se pòt realizar per verificar se lo càncer s'es espandit als uòus.
8. Tomografia Computerizada (TC): Una TAC pòt èsser utilizada per verificar se lo càncer s'espandiguèt a d'autres organs o teissuts.
Es important de notar que totes los òmes amb de nivèls elevats de PSA o de resultats anormals de DRE auràn pas de càncer de la prostata, e totes los cancers de la prostata causaràn pas de nivèls elevats de PSA.
Alara, una biopsia es necessària per confirmar lo diagnostic.
Mai, la decision de se far una biopsia se pren après aver considerat los resultats d'aqueles tèsts e los factors de risc e preferéncias de l'individú.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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