Rak pljuč se diagnosticira s kombinacijo testov in postopkov, ki lahko vključujejo:
1. Zdravniška zgodovina in fizični pregled: Zdravnik bo vprašal o vaših simptomih, zgodovini kajenja in družinski zgodovini pljučnega raka.
Prav tako bodo opravili fizični pregled, da bi preverili, ali obstajajo znaki bolezni.
2. Slikovni testi: rentgenski posnetki prsnega koša in računalniška tomografija (CT) se običajno uporabljajo za ustvarjanje podrobnih slik pljuč in okoliških struktur.
Ti testi lahko pomagajo odkriti nepravilnosti, kot so tumorji ali vozli, ki lahko kažejo na prisotnost pljučnega raka.
3. Citologija sputuma: Vzorec sputuma (slinavke, ki jo izkašljaš iz pljuč) pregledamo pod mikroskopom, da poiščemo rakave celice.
4. Biopsija: Vzorec pljučnega tkiva se odstrani in pregleda pod mikroskopom, da se ugotovi, ali so prisotne rakave celice.
To se lahko izvede z bronhoskopijo, biopsijo z iglo ali kirurško biopsijo.
5. Bronhoskopija: Tanka, osvetljena cev s kamero se vstavi skozi nos ali usta in navzdol po grlu, da se pregledajo dihalne poti in pljuča.
Ta postopek se lahko uporablja tudi za zbiranje vzorcev tkiva za biopsijo.
6. Aspiracija z fino iglo (FNA): Tanka igla se vstavi v pljučni nodul ali maso, da se zbere vzorec celic za preiskavo.
7. Toracenteza: Iz prostora med pljuči in prsno steno z iglo odstranijo tekočino, nato pa jo pregledajo za rakave celice.
8. Krvni testi: Čeprav krvni testi sami po sebi ne morejo diagnosticirati pljučnega raka, lahko pomagajo določiti splošno zdravje bolnika in ugotoviti morebitne nepravilnosti, ki lahko kažejo na prisotnost raka.
9. Skeniranje kosti, MRI, PET skeniranje in drugi testi: Ti testi se lahko uporabijo za ugotavljanje, ali se je rak razširil na druge dele telesa.
Ko je diagnosticiran pljučni rak, se lahko izvedejo dodatni testi, da se določi stopnja raka, kar pomaga pri odločanju o zdravljenju.
Ti testi lahko vključujejo več slikovnih testov, kot so CT skeniranje možganov, skeniranje kosti ali skeniranje s pozitronsko emisijsko tomografijo (PET).
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
Opozorilo: medicinsko
Ta spletna stran je namenjena samo izobraževalnim in informacijskim namenom in ne pomeni zagotavljanja zdravniških nasvetov ali strokovnih storitev.
Posredovani podatki se ne smejo uporabljati za diagnozo ali zdravljenje zdravstvenega problema ali bolezni, tisti, ki iščejo osebni zdravniški nasvet, pa se morajo posvetovati z licenciranim zdravnikom.
Upoštevajte, da je nevronska mreža, ki ustvarja odgovore na vprašanja, še posebej netočna, ko gre za številčno vsebino, na primer število ljudi, diagnosticiranih z določeno boleznijo.
Vedno poiščite nasvet svojega zdravnika ali drugega usposobljenega zdravstvenega delavca glede zdravstvenega stanja. Nikoli ne prezrite strokovnega zdravniškega nasveta ali odložite iskanja zaradi nečesa, kar ste prebrali na tej spletni strani. Če menite, da imate zdravniški nujen primer, pokličite 911 ali takoj pojdite v najbližjo urgenco. Ta spletna stran ali njena uporaba ne ustvarja nobenega odnosa med zdravnikom in bolnikom. Niti BioMedLib niti njeni zaposleni, niti kateri koli sodelavec na tej spletni strani ne daje nobenih izjav, izrecnih ali implicitnih, v zvezi z informacijami, ki so na voljo na tej spletni strani ali z njeno uporabo.
Opozorilo: avtorske pravice
Zakon o avtorskih pravicah za digitalno tisočletje iz leta 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) zagotavlja sredstva za lastnike avtorskih pravic, ki menijo, da material, ki se pojavlja na internetu, krši njihove pravice v skladu z ameriškim zakonom o avtorskih pravicah.
Če v dobri veri menite, da katera koli vsebina ali material, ki je na voljo v povezavi z našo spletno stranjo ali storitvami, krši vaše avtorske pravice, nam lahko (ali vašemu zastopniku) pošljete obvestilo, v katerem zahtevate odstranitev vsebine ali materiala ali blokiranje dostopa do njega.
Obvestila je treba poslati v pisni obliki po e-pošti (za e-poštni naslov glejte razdelek "Kontakt").
DMCA zahteva, da vaše obvestilo o domnevni kršitvi avtorskih pravic vključuje naslednje informacije: (1) opis avtorsko varovanega dela, ki je predmet domnevne kršitve; (2) opis domnevne vsebine, ki krši avtorske pravice, in informacije, ki so zadostne, da nam omogočijo iskanje vsebine; (3) kontaktne informacije za vas, vključno z vašim naslovom, telefonsko številko in e-poštnim naslovom; (4) izjavo, da imate v dobri veri prepričanje, da vsebina na način, o katerem se pritožujete, ni odobrena s strani imetnika avtorskih pravic ali njegovega zastopnika ali z delovanjem katerega koli zakona;
(5) vašo izjavo, podpisano pod kaznijo krivokletstva, da so informacije v uradnem obvestilu točne in da imate pooblastilo za uveljavljanje avtorskih pravic, ki naj bi bile kršene;
in (6) fizični ali elektronski podpis imetnika avtorskih pravic ali osebe, pooblaščene, da deluje v imenu imetnika avtorskih pravic.
Če ne vključite vseh zgornjih informacij, se lahko obravnava vaše pritožbe odloži.
Kontaktni podatki
Prosimo, pošljite nam e-pošto s kakršnim koli vprašanjem / predlogom.
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
Približno
BioMedLib uporablja avtomatizirane računalnike (algoritme strojnega učenja) za ustvarjanje parov vprašanj in odgovorov.
Začeli smo s 35 milijoni biomedicinskih publikacij PubMed/Medline in spletnih strani RefinedWeb.
