1. Kajenje: Kajenje cigaret je glavni vzrok pljučnega raka.
Tveganje se poveča s številom cigaret, ki jih človek kadi na dan, in številom let, ki jih je kadil.
2. Pasivno kajenje: Izpostavljenost pasivnemu kajenju lahko poveča tveganje za raka pljuč pri nekadilcih.
3. Radonski plin: Izpostavljenost visokim nivojem radonskega plina, naravno radioaktivnega plina, lahko poveča tveganje za pljučni rak.
4. Azbest in drugi rakotvorni snovi: Izpostavljenost azbestu, arzenu, kromu, niklu, saju, katranu in drugim snovem lahko povzroči rak pljuč.
5. onesnaževanje zraka: Dolgoročna izpostavljenost onesnaževanju zraka, zlasti v mestnih območjih, lahko nekoliko poveča tveganje za raka pljuč.
6. Družinska zgodovina: Družinska zgodovina pljučnega raka lahko poveča tveganje.
7. Osebna zgodovina pljučnih bolezni: Ljudje z zgodovino pljučnih bolezni, kot sta kronična obstruktivna pljučna bolezen (KOPB) ali tuberkuloza, imajo lahko povečano tveganje za pljučni rak.
8. Starost: Tveganje za raka pljuč se s starostjo poveča, večina primerov pa se pojavi pri ljudeh, starejših od 65 let.
9. Spol: Moški imajo večjo verjetnost za nastanek pljučnega raka kot ženske.
10. Radioterapija: Prejšnja radioterapija prsnega koša za druge vrste raka lahko poveča tveganje za raka pljuč.
11. Prehrana: Prehrana z malo sadja in zelenjave lahko poveča tveganje za pljučni rak.
12. Uživanje alkohola: Močno uživanje alkohola lahko poveča tveganje za raka pljuč.
13. Genetika: Nekatere genetske mutacije lahko povečajo tveganje za raka pljuč.
Pomembno je omeniti, da prisotnost enega ali več teh dejavnikov tveganja ne pomeni nujno, da bo oseba razvila pljučni rak, nekateri ljudje, ki razvijejo pljučni rak, pa morda nimajo nobenih znanih dejavnikov tveganja.
Vendar pa lahko zmanjšanje ali izogibanje izpostavljenosti tem dejavnikom tveganja pomaga zmanjšati možnosti za nastanek pljučnega raka.
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Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.
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Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.
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What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
The risk factors for lung cancer include:
1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.
5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.
7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.
8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.
11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.
12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.
13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.
However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.
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